N'ebe ọkụ eletrik, otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka waya na eriri eletrik bụ ihe mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi.Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mbụ maka eriri ọkụ bụ akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ nke mmanụ n'ihi àgwà eletrik ya dị mma.O nwekwara ikike iguzogide oke ibu nke thermal na-enweghi oke mmebi.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi hygroscopicnature ya, n'ọbọ ígwè bụ mmiri mebiri emebi.Ya mere, ọ dị ogologo oge na-eche mkpa maka ihe mkpuchi ike nke nwere ike ime ihe, nke nwere ngwakọta nke ọdịdị na-abụghị hygroscopic nke thermoplasticmaterials.
Enwere ike ime nkwadebe nke polymers crosslink site na ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche.Otu bụ usoro kemịkalụ na nke ọzọ bụ usoro ionizing.N'agbanyeghi na nghota nke mmetụta a nke crosslinking karịrị afọ 150, Charlesby gosipụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu mmetụta njikọ nke ionizing radieshon na nke mbụ ya.Usoro ịgbagharị ọkụ nke radieshon bụ nke kachasị arụpụta maka obere obere na obere eriri, ya mere wires ejiri maka ngwa eletriki na ngwa eletrọnịkị ka emepụtara ya site na usoro crosslinking radieshon.Usoro a bara uru n'ihi obere ume ike na-achọ obere ohere.A na-achịkwa usoro radieshon n'ụzọ dị mfe ma nwee ikike nke ịchekwa ike yana njikwa mmetọ.A na-achịkọta atụmatụ ndị akọwapụtara nke crosslinking radieshon dị ka ndị a: (1) Enwere ike ịchịkwa ọsọ ahịrị mmepụta.Ihe mkpuchi dị elu (extrusion) ga-ekwe omume, n'ihi na ọ dịghị mkpa nke onye na-ahụ maka crosslinking.Site n'iji ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nwere ike dị elu na ike dị ala, enwere ike ịme ngwa ngwa.(2) Crosslinking uniformity dị mma.Enwere ike ịme crosslinking otu ahụ site na ịhọrọ igwe kwesịrị ekwesị na iji usoro kachasị mma maka inye nri waya.(3) Enwere ike ịkwadebe ụdị polymers dị iche iche, dabere n'ogo nke crosslinking site na radieshon crosslinkingprocess.Ọzọkwa, usoro ọgwụgwọ radieshon ka mma karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ uzuoku.N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ ikuku, mmiri na-abanye n'ime oyi akwa polymer n'okpuru nnukwu uzuzu uzuoku na-emepụta ọtụtụ 'microvoids', nke nwere ike ịkpata ndakpọ akụkụ nke osisi mgbe eriri na-arụ ọrụ.Ọ bụ ezie na ihe a dị mgbagwoju anya, osisi ndị ahụ nwere ike ịmalite ma mee ka mbelata ike dielectric nke eriri.Ewezuga ihe ndị a, usoro ọgwụgwọ uzuoku nwere ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ site n'echiche nke ike oriri: (a) elu uzuoku dị mkpa iji nweta oke okpomọkụ;(b) arụmọrụ nke ikpo ọkụ sitere na mpụga eriri dị ala yana (c) nnukwu ike na-eri site na eriri USB, nke na-ebute arụmọrụ ọkụ dị ala yana ogologo oge maka mmeghachi omume crosslink.Ngwọta radieshon bụ onye na-akwado maka usoro akọrọ.Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere nsogbu na mwelite nke electrons kwụsịrị na/ma ọ bụ guzobe n'ime mkpuchi mkpuchi site na ikuku irradiation na-ebute mmebi akụkụ akụkụ osisi n'oge na mgbe irradiation gasịrị.Ọ dị nnọọ iche na 'usoro enweghị mmiri'.Dị ka eriri polymer nwere oke mmiri na nnukwu oghere, usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ dị mkpa.Ewezuga uru ndị dị n'elu, enwere ike iwebata ihe semiconductor ngwa ngwa na usoro ọgwụgwọ radieshon nke na-adịghị mfe ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ uzuoku dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ahụ enweghị ike iguzogide oke okpomọkụ na nrụgide.
Usoro grafting radieshon na-enyekwa aka n'omume na matriks.Nke a bụ usoro pụrụ iche nke ijikọta nke na-eduzi matrix na nke mkpuchi.Usoro a gụnyere nkwụsị nke polymer ọkpụkpụ nwere monomer kwesịrị ekwesị site na ịdonye na ntinye nke polymer na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'elu ọkpụkpụ azụ.Ewezuga omume mkpuchi, na nke a polymer nwere ike ime ka ọ na-eduzi otu.Ọ bụ ezie na emebebeghị ya, ọ nwere ike igosipụta ngwa ngwa dị iche iche dị ka mkpuchi EMI, na-eduzi mkpuchi na ihe ndị na-egbochi ọrịa.Bhattacharya etal.akwadola ihe mejupụtara polymer-FEP-g- (AA)-PPY na polymer-FEP-g- (sty) -PPY.Na mbu, polymer-FEP gbanyere ọkụ n'ụdị Co-60 ma tinyezie ihe nkiri ahụ na pasentị dị iche iche nke monomers.A na-echekwa PPy n'elu elu nke anyadokwa site na oxidative polymerisation nke pyrrole na-eji ferric chloride dị ka oxidant.A na-ebelata nguzogide elu ma bụrụ nke 104-105ohm/cm2.Nguzogide elu na-adabere na pasent nke grafting nke monomers.N'iji usoro a, enwere ike ịbawanye conductivity elu karịa nnukwu conductivity.A pụkwara inye omume foto nke ihe nkiri ahụ site na usoro grafting.Cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole) na cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole–methyl methacylate) bụ ihe atụ nke ihe nkiri na-eme foto.
N'ụlọ ọrụ eriri ọkụ eletrik, a na-ejikarị polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), EPDM rubbers.A na-eji polyethylene eme ihe n'ihi njirimara eletrik dị mma na ogologo oge ya.A na-ahọrọ polyethylene dị ala dị ala karịa polyethylene dị elu n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya. Ihe kpatara ya bụ: (a) mgbanwe ndị ọzọ;(b) ike dielectric dị elu karịa polyethylene dị elu;(c) ogologo ndụ karịa HDPE;(d) Ọ dịchaghị mfe nhazi karịa HDPE yana (e) obere ihe ize ndụ nke itinye oghere na mkpuchi nke LDPE, nke na-ebute ionisation.N'agbanyeghị uru niile dị otú ahụ, LDPE nwere oke nke ya dị ka ihe mkpuchi eriri USB.N'ịbụ onye polymer thermoplastic, ọ nwere okpomọkụ na-adị nro na gburugburu 105-115 ⬚C ma nwee ọchịchọ nke mgbawa nrụgide na-eme mgbe ọ na-akpakọrịta na ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ihu.Ịgafe nke ụmụ irighiri ihe polyethylene na-eme ka ọkụ yana arịa anụ ahụ ka mma ebe ihe ọkụ eletrik ya na-agbanwebeghị.Polyethylene jikọtara ya na ya bụ, ya mere, abụghịzi polymer thermoplastic.Ọ na-eme ka ọ dị nro na ebe mgbaze kristal nke polyethylene ma na-eche na ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, roba dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe onwunwe nke ọ na-ejigide n'oge ịrị elu nke okpomọkụ, ruo mgbe ọ na-aghọ carbonized na-enweghị agbaze na 300 ⬚C.Ọchịchọ nke nrụgide nrụgide na-apụ n'anya ma na-enweta ezigbo iguzogide ịka nká n'ikuku ọkụ.A na-ahọrọ eriri polyethylene nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ihi ọmarịcha ọkụ eletrik na nke anụ ahụ.Ọ bụ ike na-ebu nnukwu okwukwo, na-eguzogide obere radius ekwe na bụ ìhè na arọ, na-enye ohere maka mfe na a pụrụ ịdabere nainstallation, ie ọ bụ free si elu-agaghị emeli ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-adịghị mejupụtara nke ọ bụla mmanụ ma si otú bụ free fromthe ọdịda n'ihi mmanụ Mbugharị na mmanụ. eriri ubi.Ọ dịghịkwa achọ n'ọbọ dara dara. Ya mere, ọ bụ free si ọdịda peculiar ka dara sheathed cables, corrosion na ike ọgwụgwụ.Ugbu a-ụbọchị, radieshon crosslinking na- industrially etinyere ọ bụghị nanị na polyethylene kamakwa ndị ọzọ polymers nakwa dị ka polyvinyl chloride, polyisobutylene wdg On ya onwe PVC bụ oké ejighị n'aka polymer.Ọ malitere ị nweta uru azụmahịa naanị mgbe emepechara ụzọ dị mma nke nkwụsi ike.Site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-emezigharị ihe (stabilisers, plasticizers, fillers na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ), PVC nwere ike igosi ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe onwunwe, sitere na nke siri ike ruo na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe.Ụdị dị iche iche nke ngwa ya na ọnụ ala ya bụ maka mkpa ọ dị na ahịa ụwa.
Iji mee ka arụmọrụ na-agafe agafe, a na-ejikarị polymer eme ihe n'ụdị dị ọcha ha.Plasticisers, antioxidants, fillers nwere ọrụ ha n'ụzọ nke ọ bụla iji nye ihe ndị dị mkpa.Ihe mgbakwunye ahụ ka mma n'oge usoro njikọ.A na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na polymer iji belata nbibi nke ngwaahịa polymer.Ha na-emetụta crosslinking mgbe ọ bụla ha na-ekere òkè na ọgbọ nke freeradicals ma ọ bụ tinye mmeghachi omume na-agbasa.Dibutyl phthalate, tritolyl phosphate na diallyl phosphate bụ ihe atụ nkịtị nke plasticiser na PVC.Mgbanwe na ngbanwe, nke dị oke mkpa na mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik, na-emeziwanye site n'ịgbakwụnye plastik na PVC.N'ezie n'ihe banyere PVC, nke bụ pola n'ihi usoro na-enweghị isi, na-ebute njikọ dị n'etiti intermolecular siri ike, nke na-ejikọta ụdọ macromolecular n'ụzọ siri ike, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.Antioxidants bụ otu ihe mgbakwunye ọzọ, nke dị mkpa maka ngwakọta njikọ njikọ ọ bụla emebere maka ebumnuche bara uru nke ijikọ nkwụsi ike thermooxidative dị elu na mmepụta polymer.Na-emekarị ha na-emetụta crosslinking byscavenging radicals, nke nwere ike ịmepụta crosslinks.RC (4,4-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol), MB (Mercapto benzoimidazole) bụ ihe atụ nke antioxidants nke na-eji Ueno et al. Na mgbakwunye na plasticisers na antioxidants, a chọrọ agba agba, Agba maka plastik na-agụnye ụdị inorganic na organicmaterials dị iche iche. A naghị ahọrọ ihe mgbakwunye na-acha odo odo na mpaghara a. A na-achọpụta na mkpụrụ nke radicals na polyethylene mụbara site na 50%, mgbe a na-agbakwunye obere aerosil (0.05%). Polyethylene, ebe macromolecules nwere ike ịdị na-enweghị nha nha nke ụdị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, Site na ọdịnaya dị elu nke ndochi, ịnyefe ike sitere na ihe ndochi gaa na oge polymer nwere ike ime ma si otú a na-enye aka n'ịmụta freeradicals dị elu.Ọzọkwa, ngwakọta nke irradiation na reactive admixture nwere ike imetụta mpụta nke crosslinks n'akụkụ ụdọ polymer.
Na nkenke, radieshon na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi polymer nke a na-eji na mpaghara eletriki.'Radiation crosslinking' bụ ihe ịtụnanya nke enwere ike imeziwanye njirimara nke polymers.Ọ bụ usoro kachasị dị elu dịka 'vulcanisation' nwere oke ụfọdụ.Enwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ na-agafe agafe site na nhọrọ nke monomers dabara adaba.N'ime usoro njikọta radieshon, ndị na-emepụta plastik, ndị na-ejuputa na mgbakwunye ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na usoro njikọ nke radieshon.Ụzọ radiationcrosslinking na-abakwa uru nke ukwuu n'ịkwadebe ihe ndị semiconductor.Ewezuga ihe ndị a, a nwekwara ike iji usoro grafting radieshon iji dozie ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri nwere agwa foto.
Oge nzipu: Mee-02-2017