PTFE, yakagadzirwa nekemikari hombe yeDuPont muma1930s, yakava chiratidzo chekureruka kwekicheni sekuputira uye kugadzira chikafu.
Asi PTFE inogona kunge iri kusvika kumagumo anonamira - nekuti nzira yekugadzira inoshandisa kemikari inogona kukonzera gomarara, uye US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoda kuti kushandiswa kwekemikari iyi kubviswe.
Kemikari - inodaidzwa kuti perfluorooctanoic acid, kana PFOA - inoshandiswa kugadzira makomisheni anonzi fluoropolymers, ayo anoshandiswawo kugadzira polima uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakaita semafuta uye machira anodzinga mvura pakapeti, machira, matehwe uye bepa.
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti PFOA yakapararira muropa rehuwandu hwevanhu (kunyangwe mune yakaderera kudzikisira), uko inogara kusvika kumakore gumi isati yabviswa.Mumhuka dzemurabhoritari, PFOA yakaratidza kukonzera cancer, kukuvara kwechiropa, kuremara kwekukura, immune-system kukuvara uye kufa.Hapana humbowo hwakananga hwekuti inokuvadza kuvanhu.
EPA yakabvunza DuPont, nemamwe makambani manomwe anoshandisa PFOA mukugadzira maitiro, kuti abvise kushandiswa kwayo.DuPont yakabvuma kutora matanho ekuona kuti panosvika gore ra2015, kemikari inenge isati yaburitswa mumhoteredzo kubva kuzvirimwa zvayo zvekugadzira, kunyange hazvo isina kubvuma kurega kuishandisa, kana kurega kugadzira polima.Dambudziko reDupont nderekuti, sezvayakamira izvozvi, haigone kugadzira polymer isina iyi kemikari, kunyangwe ichiti iri kutsvaga chinotsiva.
Hongu, pane zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti kambani yakaziva kwenguva yakati kuti PFOA ine njodzi, asi yakaramba ichiishandisa.
Muna 2004, DuPont yakabhadhara US$300 miriyoni senzira yekugara kunze kwedare kune vagari vangangosvika zviuru makumi mashanu vaigara pedyo neWest Virginia plant uye vakaunza chiitiko chekirasi kupokana nekambani iyi, ichiti ndiyo yaive nemhosva yekusvibisa mvura yemuno nePFOA, zvichikonzera. hurema hwekuzvarwa uye dzimwe njodzi dzehutano.Iyo kambani yakagadzirisa pasina kubvuma mhosva.
Zvichitevera izvi, muna 2005, EPA yakabhadharisa DuPont mari inosvika US$16.5 miriyoni mushure mekuwana kambani iyi yaiziva kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri kuti PFOA inokuvadza, ndokunyarara nezvazvo.
Ndorasa pani yangu isina tsvimbo?
Kana zvasvika kune izvo zvisiri zvekunamira zvigadzirwa pachazvo, DuPont inoti hapana njodzi kune vatengi.PFOA, inodaro kambani, inoshandiswa mukugadzira asi inodzingwa panguva iyoyo.Iko hakuna PFOA yakasara munzvimbo isiri-tsvimbo mune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.
EPA inobvumirana nazvo."Parizvino, EPA haitende kuti pane chikonzero chekuti vatengi vasiye kushandisa chero vatengi kana zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nemaindasitiri zvine PFOA," inodaro webhusaiti yeEPA.
Zvakadaro, non-stick fry pani anogona kuburitsa chepfu.Pakupisa kwepamusoro polima inozivikanwa kuti inopa cocktail yemhando gumi neshanu dzechepfu uye magasi, kusanganisira trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) uye phosgene.Makemikari aya anozivikanwa kuti ane chepfu kushiri.Uye muvanhu vanonzwa kutemwa nemusoro, kupindwa nechando, kurwadza kwemusana, uye fivha - chirwere chinonzi 'polymer flu'.
DuPont inobvuma izvi, asi inoti muvanhu mamiriro acho anogona kudzoreredzwa, uye chero zvakadaro anongoitika pakudziya kwakanyanya, kwete panguva yekubika kubika.
Uhuwo ndihwo uchenjeri hunogamuchirwa pakati pemapoka evatengi;muAustralia, semuenzaniso, muna Mbudzi 2004 'nzira yekuyedza' yezvisiri-tsvimbo frypans, Australian Consumers' Association yakati:
'Ichokwadi kuti makemikari akadai se trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) anogona kupihwa mamwe machira patembiricha yakanyanya.Asi hazvigoneke kuti zviitike panguva yekubika zvakajairika… Tsvakurudzo haina kuratidza kukuvadza kwenguva refu kweTFA pavanhu.Panguva ino hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti kubikira zvisina tsarukano kune ngozi.'
Inenge 80 muzana yemidziyo yekicheni isina-tsvimbo iri kutengeswa muAustralia inoshandisa polymer - iyo yese inogadzirwa nemamwe makambani emakemikari vachishandisa maitiro akafanana anosanganisira PFOA.Iko hakuna zvidyarwa zvekugadzira polymer muAustralia.
Asi Environmental Working Group (EWG), boka rakazvimirira revatengi reUS rinopokana neizvi.Inoti polima inotanga kushata mushure mekunge tembiricha yekubika kubika yasvika 260°C (500°F), uye inotanga kuora zvakanyanya pamusoro pe350°C (660°F).Mafuta ekubikisa, oiri nebhotoro zvinotanga kupisa nekupfungaira kusvika pa200°C (392°F), uye nyama inowanzokangwa pakati pe200-230°C (400-450°F), asi nzvimbo dzinopisa mupani dzinogona nyore. kudarika tembiricha iyi.
Off-gassing inogona kuitika kana pani yepolymer yasiiwa isina kutarisirwa.Pani yepolymer inogona kusvika 383 ° C (721 ° F) mumaminitsi mashanu chete ichipisa payakajairwa, yemagetsi stovetop, inodaro EWG.
Vatengi kuti vasarudze?
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti hapana chigadzirwa chepolymer chakayeukwa muUS, Australia kana kupi zvako.Nezvematumbi anodzora, akachengeteka - chero usingaasiye achipisa.
Asi kuwanikwa kwekemikari mukugadzira kwakaonekwa sekukonzeresa gomarara, zvinobvumwa nekambani - pamwe chete 'nematambudziko' ekambani neEPA munguva yakapfuura - zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro.
Dambudziko remakambani akaita seDuPont nderekuti, vatengi vari kuwedzera kuranga zvigadzirwa mumusika izvo zvinoonekwa zvine mucherechedzo wemubvunzo pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwavo, zvisinei nekambani kuvimbiswa kuti vakachengeteka, kunyangwe vaimbove vatengi.Funga nezvefodya, chikafu chekukurumidza, uye zviyo zvemangwanani zvakawedzerwa shuga.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-30-2017