Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea saense le theknoloji,polasetiki ea polymerba fihletse katleho e kholo, ba etsa thepa ea kaho ea batho le thepa ea bolulo e thehiloeng holim'a ka thata le ka potlako ho ea ho bonolo.
1.Tlhaloso
Likarolo tse kholo tsapolasetiki ea polymerhaholo-holo ke metsoako ea polymer, eo boima ba eona ba molek'hule bo ka bang 1 000, e leng feela bakeng sa mohopolo oa 'mele.Hajoale, lipolasetiki tsa polymer li sebelisoa haholo, empa ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea polasetiki e entsoe ka metsoako ea polymer, eo hangata e bitsoang e phahameng kapa macromolecule, e entsoe ka thepa e tala ea monomer kapa lisebelisoa tse tala hore e be lisebelisoa tse kopaneng, 'me ka nts'etsopele ea morao-rao, le resin ea fusion, mmala, stabilizer le li-additives tse ling.Sebopeho sa polasetiki ea polymer se ka fetoloa ka bolokolohi 'me se ka etsoa ho latela litlhoko tsa mosebedisi.
2.Litšobotsi
Lipolasetiki tsa polymer ha li na feela tse ikhethang, ke hore, liphetoho tse sa fetoheng ka sebopeho, empa hape li na le viscoelasticity.Polasetiki ea polymer, haeba e tlas'a matla a kantle, 'mele oa eona o tla hlahisa deformation e phahameng ea elastic, phallo ea viscous, deformation ea polasetiki ea polymer e amana haholo le nako.Ho phaella moo, polasetiki ea polymer e boetse e na le matla a phahameng a khethehileng, matla a tlaase le litšobotsi tse ling, matla a polasetiki ea polymer hangata a tlaase, empa boima ba eona bo tlaase, kahoo matla a fetoha a phahameng.Polymer e na le litšoaneleho tse ngata, joalo ka botsitso bo phahameng, khanyetso e phahameng ea ho roala, ho atolosoa, ho kenya letsoho ho phahameng, ka hona e sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a fapaneng, ka kamohelo ea batho ba bangata.
Mefuta ea polasetiki ea polymer le eona e fapane.Hajoale, ho hlophisoa ha lipolasetiki tsa polymer naheng ea China haholo ho kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e supileng: rabara, liphahlo tsa polymer, lisebelisoa tsa polymer, likarolo tsa matrix, polasetiki, likhoele le polasetiki.
a.Rabara.
Theko ea ketane ea limolek'hule ea rabara e nyane, e fetoha le maemo, sena se tsoa ponong ea tšimo ea fisiks.Rabara e nang le boholo ba matla a ka ntle e tla fetola sebōpeho sa eona, ka ho hloka botsitso, haeba matla a ka ntle a tlosoa, boemo ba pele ba rabara bo ka tsosolosoa kapele.
b.Sekhomaretsi sa polima.
Lisebelisoa tsa sekhomaretsi tsa sekhomaretsi sa polymer ke haholo-holo metsoako ea tlhaho.Ha e le hantle, hangata e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: sekhomaretsi sa tlhaho, sa maiketsetso.Se sebelisoang haholo ke sekhomaretsi sa maiketsetso.
c.ho roala ha polymer.
Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa liaparo tsa polymer ke li-polymers, tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o batlang o le bonolo, haholo-holo ho eketsa li-solvents kapa li-additives ts'ebetsong ea eona ea tlhahiso.Ho roala ha polymer ho arotsoe ka mefuta e 3 hangata, e leng grease, resin ea maiketsetso le resin ea tlhaho, eo hangata e sebelisoang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
d.lisebelisoa tsa polymer.
Lisebelisoa tsa boima ba limolek'hule tse sebelisoang hangata haholo li kenyelletsa enzyme e phahameng ea limolek'hule le lisebelisoa tse pepeneneng tsa limolek'hule.Lisebelisoa tsa polymer li na le mesebetsi e itseng: matla, thepa, phetoho ea tlhahisoleseding, phetisetso le magnetism.
e.fiber.
Fiber e tloaelehile bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, hangata e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: fiber ea tlhaho le fiber ea lik'hemik'hale.Fiber e na le litšobotsi tsa matla a manyane a deformation, matla a manyane a bobeli a valence le modulus e phahameng mohopolong oa 'mele.
f.Plastiki.
Plastiki ke mofuta oa thepa e SEBELISANG ho feta hajoale, hape e be eona ntho e tloaelehileng ka ho fetesisa.Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa polasetiki hangata ke li-resin tsa maiketsetso, li-polymers tsa tlhaho, le ho kopanngoa ha lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang li-plasticizers, li-fillers joalo-joalo.Plastiki ka kakaretso e thehiloe holim'a resin ea maiketsetso, kahoo e ka aroloa ka polasetiki ea thermosetting, thermoplastic.
3. Lintho tsa 'mele
Ka kakaretso, haeba polasetiki ea polymer e behiloe maemong a isothermal, ho bonolo ho hlahisa sehlahisoa.Ts'ebetsong ea sebele, mocheso oa crystallization ha o lumellane ka ho feletseng.Haeba phapang ea mocheso oa crystallization e le kholo, e tla ama ts'ebetso ea crystallization.Ka nako e ts'oanang, khatello e phahameng ea khatello ea kelello hangata e thehoa ka mokhoa oa ho ohla ho theha, ho otlolla filimi ho theha le ho etsa extrusion, e leng se lebisang ho tšekamelo ea ho potlakisa sehlahisoa.Ho feta moo, li-plastiki li sebelisa mekhoa ea khatello ea ho kuta.'Me tlas'a tšusumetso ea khatello ea kelello, ho qhibiliha ho tla etsa likristale tse telele tsa fibrous.Ha khatello ea maikutlo le likhatello tsa khatello li ntse li phahama, liketane tse telele le ho feta moo ho qhibilihang ho phahama.
4. Lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale
Ka kakaretso, haeba lipolasetiki tsa polymer li behiloe khatellong e phahameng le maemo a mocheso o phahameng, sebopeho sa limolek'hule se tla ba le liphetoho tse itseng.Karabelong ena, lipolasetiki tsa polymer hangata li lokolla lintho tse ngata tse senyehileng, ka hona li lokolla lintho tse kotsi haholoanyane.Ho finyella sena, ho sebetsa ho lokela ho ba le matšoao a hlakileng a lihlahisoa, khetha lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, palo e nyane ea antioxidant le stabilizer e ka eketsoa ka mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e khahlanong le ho senyeha ha polymer.
Nako ea poso: Jul-16-2019