Iplastiki ye-thermoplastic, okanye iplastiki ye-thermosoftening, yimathiriyeli yeplastiki, ipholima, ekwazi ukunyibilika okanye ukubunjwa ngaphezu kobushushu obuthile kwaye yomelela xa ipholisa.
Uninzi lwe-thermoplastics lunobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli.Amakhonkco e-polymer adibanisa ngokusebenzisa amandla e-intermolecular, athi abe buthathaka ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, avelise ulwelo olubonakalayo.Ke, i-thermoplastics inokuphinda ibunjwe ngokutsha ngokufudumeza kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iinxalenye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kwepolymer ezinje ngenaliti yokubumba, ukubumba ucinezelo, i-calendering, kunye ne-extrusion.I-Thermoplastics iyahluka kwiipolymers ze-thermosetting, ezenza iibhondi zeekhemikhali ezingenakuguqulwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga.I-Thermosets ayinyibiliki xa ishushu: iyabola kwaye ayiguquki xa ipholile.
I-Akriliki:I-Acrylic, i-polymer ebizwa ngokuba yi-poly (PMMA), ikwaziwa ngamagama orhwebo afana ne-Lucite, i-Perspex kunye ne-Plexiglas.Isebenza njengendawo eyomeleleyo endaweni yeglasi yezinto ezinje nge-aquariums, iivisor zehelmet yesithuthuthu, iifestile zenqwelomoya, izibuko zokujonga izinto ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye neelensi zezibane zangaphandle zeemoto.Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza imiqondiso, kuquka noonobumba kunye neelogo.Kwezamayeza, isetyenziswa kwisamente yethambo kunye nokutshintsha iilensi zamehlo.Ipeyinti ye-Acrylic iqukethe amasuntswana e-PMMA anqunyanyiswe emanzini.
ABS:I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) i-terpolymer eyenziwe kwi-styrene kunye ne-acrylonitrile phambi kwe-polybutadiene.I-ABS yimathiriyeli enobunzima obulula ebonisa ukumelana nefuthe eliphezulu kunye nokuqina koomatshini.Ibeka imingcipheko embalwa kwimpilo yabantu phantsi kolawulo oluqhelekileyo.Isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi zabathengi, njengezinto zokudlala, izixhobo zombane kunye neefowuni.
Inayiloni:Inayiloni yeyodidi lweepolima ezibizwa ngokuba yipolyamides.Isebenze njengebambela ikakhulu i-hemp, umqhaphu kunye nesilika, kwiimveliso ezinje ngeparashute, iintambo, iiseyile, iivesti zeflak kunye nempahla yabasetyhini.Iintsinga zenayiloni ziluncedo ekwenzeni amalaphu, intambo, iikhaphethi kunye neentambo zomculo, ngelixa i-bulk form, inayiloni isetyenziselwa iindawo zomatshini ezibandakanya izikrufu zoomatshini, iigiya kunye neecasings zezixhobo zamandla.Ukongezelela, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo ezinokumelana nokushisa.
I-PLA:I-Polylactic acid (i-polylactide) yi-biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester ephuma kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo, njengestatshi sombona (eUnited States), iingcambu zetapioca, iitshiphusi okanye istatshi (ubukhulu becala e-Asia), okanye ummoba.Yenye yezinto ezisetyenziselwa ushicilelo lwe-3D kunye neendlela zokulinganisa i-fused deposition (FDM).
Polybenzimidazole:Ifiber yePolybenzimidazole yifiber eyenziweyo enendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kakhulu.Inozinzo olukhethekileyo lwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali kwaye aluyi kuvutha ngokukhawuleza.Yafunyanwa okokuqala ngusokhemesti wepolymer waseMelika uCarl Shipp Marvel ekufuneni izinto ezintsha ezinozinzo oluphezulu, ukugcinwa kokuqina, ukuqina kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo.Ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo okuphezulu, i-Polybenzimidazole isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla ezikhuselayo eziphezulu ezifana nezixhobo zokucima umlilo, iisuti zesithuba se-astronaut, iiglavu ezikhuselayo zobushushu obuphezulu, iimpahla ze-welders kunye neendwangu zodonga lweenqwelomoya.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-polybenzimidazole ifumene ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengenwebu kwiiseli zamafutha.
Ipolycarbonate:I-Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastics iyaziwa phantsi kweempawu zorhwebo ezifana neLexan, iMakrolon, iMakroclear, kunye ne-arcoPlus.Zisetyenzwa lula, zibunjwe, kwaye zenziwa ubushushu bokusebenza kwizinto ezininzi, njengezixhobo ze-elektroniki, izinto zokwakha, izixhobo zokugcina idatha, iinxalenye zeenqwelo-moya neenqwelomoya, iisokethi zokukhangela kwiprosthetics, kunye nokukhazimla kokhuseleko.I-Polycarbonates ayinayo ikhowudi yokuchongwa kwe-resin ekhethekileyo.Izinto ezenziwe ngepolycarbonate zinokuqulatha i-precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Polyether sulfone:I-Polyether sulfone (PES) yiklasi ye-thermoplastics eyenziwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye ne-thermal ephezulu, i-oxidative, kunye nokuzinza kwe-hydrolytic, kunye nokuchasana kakuhle ne-aqueous mineral acids, i-alkalis, izisombululo zetyuwa, i-oyile kunye namafutha.
Polyoxymethylene:I-Polyoxymethylene (i-POM), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acetal, i-polyacetal kunye ne-polyformaldehyde, i-thermoplastic yobunjineli esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezichanekileyo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu, ukukhuhlana okuphantsi, kunye nozinzo olubalaseleyo lwe-dimensional.Njengezinye iipolymers zokwenziwa ezininzi, iveliswa ziifemu ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezineefomyula ezahlukileyo kancinci kwaye zithengiswa ngokwahlukeneyo ngamagama anje ngoDelrin, Celcon, Ramtal, Duracon, Kepital kunye neHostaform.
Polyetherther ketone:I-Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) i-polymer ye-organic thermoplastic engenambala kwintsapho ye-polyaryletherketone (PAEK), esetyenziswa kwizicelo zobunjineli.Yaziswa ekuqaleni yiVictrex PLC, emva koko i-ICI (i-Imperial Chemical Industries) ekuqaleni koo-1980.Ineempawu ezinomtsalane ezifana nokunganyangeki kakuhle kwe-abrasion, ukutsha okuphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa komsi kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu.
Polyetherimide:I-Polyetherimide (PEI), eveliswe yi-novel nitro displacement reaction ebandakanya i-bisphenol A, i-4, i-4'-methylenedianiline kunye ne-3-nitrophthalic anhydride, inokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa ukushisa, amandla okuqina kunye nemodulus.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphezulu zombane kunye ne-elektroniki, izixhobo ze-microwave, kunye neendawo zemoto ezingaphantsi kwe-hood.
Polyethylene:I-Polyethylene (i-polyethene, i-polythene, i-PE) lusapho lwezixhobo ezifanayo ezihlelwe ngokobuninzi bazo kunye nesakhiwo semolekyuli. inkqubo esetyenziswayo ekwenzeni kwayo.Iyakwazi ukumelana nokufuma kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi.Iguquguquka kwiqondo lokushisa.(kunye nobushushu obuphantsi) kwaye inokutywinwa ubushushu.
Polyphenylene oxide:I-Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), efumaneka kwi-free-radical, inyathelo lokukhula kwe-oxidative yokudibanisa i-polymerization ye-2,6-xylenol, ineempawu ezininzi ezikhangayo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla empembelelo, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kwi-mineral kunye ne-organic acids, kwaye ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi.I-PPO inzima ukuyiqhuba, kwaye ngoko i-resin yorhwebo (i-Noryl) yenziwe ngokuxuba i-PPO kunye ne-polystyrene ephezulu (HIPS), esebenza ekunciphiseni ubushushu bokusebenza.
Polyphenylene sulfide:I-Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) efunyenwe yi-polymerization ye-condensation ye-p-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-sodium sulfide, inokumelana neekhemikhali ezibalaseleyo, iimpawu zombane ezilungileyo, ukungahambi kakuhle kwedangatye, i-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction kunye nokucaca okuphezulu kwimitha ye-microwave.I-PPS isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwizicelo zokugquma.Oku kwenziwa ngokutshiza i-aqueous slurry yamasuntswana e-PPS kunye nokufudumeza kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-370°C.Amabakala athile e-PPS angasetyenziswa kwi-injection kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokubumba kumaqondo obushushu (300 ukuya kwi-370 ° C) apho amasuntswana e-PPS athambileyo kwaye atyhutyha i-crosslinking ebonakalayo.Usetyenziso oluphambili lwenaliti kunye noxinzelelo olubunjiweyo lwe-PPS lubandakanya i-cookware, iibheringi, kunye neenxalenye zempompo zenkonzo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezidliwayo.
Ipolypropylene:I-Polypropylene (PP) iluncedo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezikhongozeli zokutya zeplastiki eziphinda zisetyenziswe, i-microwave- kunye ne-dishwasher-ekhuselekileyo yezikhongozeli zeplastiki, i-diaper lining, i-sanitary pad lining kunye ne-casing, iintambo, iikhaphethi, ukubumba iplastiki, iinkqubo zemibhobho, iibhetri zemoto, ukugquma umbane. iintambo kunye nezihluzi zeegesi kunye nolwelo.Kumayeza, isetyenziswa kunyango lwe-hernia kunye nokwenza izixhobo zonyango ezinokumelana nobushushu.Amaphepha e-polypropylene asetyenziselwa iifolda zokubhala kunye nokupakisha kunye nemigqomo ecacileyo yokugcina.I-Polypropylene ichazwa ngenombolo yeplastiki enokuphinda isetyenziswe 5. Nangona i-inert ngokwentelekiso, isengozini kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kwaye inokuncipha kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga.I-Polypropylene ayinakumelana nempembelelo njenge-polyethylenes (HDPE, LDPE).Ikwanokungena kwiigesi eziguquguqukayo kunye nolwelo.
Ipolystyrene:I-Polystyrene yenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinezicelo ezahlukeneyo.I-polystyrene eyongeziweyo (PS) isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezilahlayo, ii-CD kunye nee-DVD, iimodeli zeplastiki zeemoto kunye nezikhephe, kunye nezindlu zokujonga umsi.I-polystyrene foam eyongeziweyo (EPS) isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokugquma kunye nokupakisha, ezifana "namandongomane" kunye nogwebu olubunjiweyo olusetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwemveliso eethe-ethe.I-polystyrene foam eyongeziweyo (i-XPS), eyaziwa ngegama lorhwebo i-Styrofoam, isetyenziselwa ukwenza imodeli yezakhiwo kunye neekomityi zokusela kwiziselo ezishushu.I-polystyrene copolymers isetyenziselwa ukwenza iithoyi kunye neecasing zemveliso.
Polyvinyl chloride:I-Polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC) yinto enzima, ekhaphukhaphu ekwazi ukumelana ne-asidi kunye neziseko.Uninzi lwayo lusetyenziswa lishishini lokwakha, elifana ne-vinyl siding, i-drainpipes, i-gutters kunye namaphepha okuphahla.Ikwaguqulelwa kwiifom eziguquguqukayo kunye nokongezwa kweplastiki, ngaloo ndlela iyenza ibe luncedo kwizinto ezifana ne-hoses, i-tubing, i-insulation yombane, iidyasi, iibhatyi kunye ne-upholstery.I-PVC eguquguqukayo ikwasetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezinokuvutheka, ezinje ngeebhedi zamanzi kunye neethoyi zamachibi.I-PVC ikwayinto eqhelekileyo kumanani entshukumo yevinyl, ngakumbi kumazwe afana neJapan, apho izinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiSofubi amanani.Njengoko i-PVC igoba ngokulula kwaye inotyekelo lokugoba ngexesha lokuhamba, indlela 'yokulungisa' olu tshintsho kukufudumeza iplastiki ide ihambe, emva koko 'igobe kwakhona' imathiriyeli ibe kwindawo echanekileyo.
ipholima:i-polymer igama lohlobo lwe-DuPont kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), eyeklasi ye-thermoplastics
Ixesha lokuposa: May-01-2018