I-Adsorption kukunamathela kwee-ion okanye iamolekyu kumphezulu wesinye isigaba.I-Adsorption ingenzeka nge-physisorption kunye ne-chemisorption.Iiyoni kunye neemolekyuli zinokubhengeza kwiintlobo ezininzi zemigangatho ebandakanya umphezulu wepolymer.Ipolymer yimolekyuli enkulu eyenziwe ngamacandelo aphindaphindiweyo adityaniswe kunye ngamabhondi adibeneyo.I-adsorption yee-ion kunye neemolekyuli kumphezulu wepolymer idlala indima kwizicelo ezininzi ezibandakanya: i-biomedical, i-structural, kunye ne-coatings.
Ipolymerimiphezulu iyahluka kumphezulu ongeyiyo ipholima ngokuba iiyunithi ezenza umphezulu zibotshelelwe ngokudibeneyo enye kwenye.Imiphezulu engeyiyo i-polymer inokubotshwa ngamabhondi e-ionic, iibhondi zentsimbi okanye i-intermolecular forces (IMFs).Kwinkqubo yamacandelo amabini, i-non-polymer surfaces ifom xa umthamo ofanelekileyo wamandla ofunekayo ukuphula ukudibanisa kunye nokwenza izinto ezingezizo.Ngoko ke, amandla okuxuba alungile.Esi sixa samandla, njengoko sichazwa yintlupheko yobuso, iyahluka kwindibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli.Nangona kunjalo, ngemiphezulu yepolymer, i-subunits ziboshwe ngokudibeneyo kunye nesigaba sobuninzi bomphezulu oqinileyo asivumeli ukuxinana komphezulu ukuba kulinganiswe ngokuthe ngqo.Amandla e-intermolecular phakathi kweemolekyuli ezinkulu ze-polymer kunzima ukubala kwaye azikwazi ukumiselwa ngokulula njengentsebenziswano ye-non-polymer surface molecular.I-subunits ezibotshelelwe ngokudibeneyo zenza umphezulu oneempawu ezahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nomphezulu ongeyo-polymer.Eminye imizekelo yemiphezulu yepolymer ibandakanya: i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), inayiloni, i-polyethylene (PE), kunye ne-polypropylene (PP).Umphezulu wepolymer uhlalutywe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule, ezibandakanya: ukuskena i-electron microscopy, ukuskena imakroskopu yetonela, kunye ne-infrared spectroscopy.
Imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo yepolymer inamatyathanga asecaleni ahlukeneyo kwiimonomers zabo ezinokuhlawuliswa ngenxa yentengiso okanye ukwahlukana kwee-adsorbates.Umzekelo, i-polystyrene sulfonate ineemonomers ezinemixokelelwane esecaleni ehlawuliswa kakubi ezinokuthi zibhengeze ii-adsorbates ezine charge.I-Polystyrene sulfonate iya kubhengeza i-adsorbate ene-adsorbate enechaji encomekayo ngakumbi kune-chaji engalunganga.Ngokuchaseneyo, i-polymer equlethe i-chargecharge side chains, njenge-poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), i-adsorbates ehlawuliswa kakubi iya kutsalwa kakhulu.
Ulwakhiwo
Imidibaniso yepolymer ephezulu:Iimbumba zepolymer eziphuculweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo zakudala.Ezi composite ziphucukileyo zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya prepreg, resin, infusion, filament winding kunye pultrusion.Iikhompositi zepolymer eziphucukileyo zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezininzi zenqwelomoya kwaye intengiso yazo enkulu ikwindawo yomoya kunye nokhuselo.
Iipolima ezomelezwe ngeFayibha:Iipolymers zeFiber-reinforced (FRP) ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ziinjineli zasekuhlaleni kwizakhiwo zazo.Ii-FRPs ziphendula ngomgca-elastically kuxinzelelo lwe-axial, okwenza kube yinto enkulu yokubamba umthwalo.I-FRPs idla ngokubunjwa kwe-laminate kunye ne-lamina nganye enemicu ye-unidirectional, ngokuqhelekileyo ikhabhoni okanye iglasi, ifakwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-polymer matrix ekhanyayo.Ii-FRPs zinokuchasana okukhulu ngokuchasene nokuvezwa kwendalo kunye nokuqina okukhulu.
Polytetrafluoroethylene:I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yipolymer esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi ezibandakanya ii-non-stick zokugquma, iimveliso zobuhle, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa.I-PTFE yimolekyuli ye-hydrophobic eyenziwe ngekhabhoni kunye nefluorine.Iibhondi ze-Carbon-fluorine zibangela ukuba i-PTFE ibe yinto ephantsi-i-friction, ehambelana neendawo eziphakamileyo zokushisa kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo loxinzelelo.Ezi mpawu zibangela ukuba i-PTFE ingasebenzi kwaye isetyenziswe kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
I-polymer adsorption kwimidiya enemingxuma:I-adsorption ebonakalayo kunye nokufakwa koomatshini zimbini izizathu eziphambili zokugcinwa kwepolymer kumajelo amdaka.Ukugcinwa kwepolymer ephantsi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yokusebenza kwe-polymer EOR.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-17-2018