Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe,iiplastiki zepolymerbaye benza impumelelo enkulu, benza izinto zokwakha zabantu kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezisekelwe kubunzima kwaye bukhawuleza ukuthamba.
1.Ingcaciso
Amacandelo aphambili eiiplastiki zepolymerubukhulu becala ziikhompawundi zepolymer, ezinobunzima bemolekyuli bumalunga ne-1 000, nto leyo ibhekiselele kumbono wenyama kuphela.Okwangoku, iiplastiki ze-polymer zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kweplastiki kwenziwa yi-polymer compounds, edla ngokuba yi-high okanye i-macromolecule, idityaniswe yi-monomer imathiriyeli ekrwada okanye imathiriyeli ekrwada kwizinto ezidibeneyo, kwaye ngophuhliso lwamva, kunye ne-fusion resin, umbala, ukuzinzisa kunye nezinye izongezo.Ubume beplastiki yepolymer inokutshintshwa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ingenziwa ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi.
2.Iimpawu
Iiplastiki zePolymer azinayo nje kuphela eyodwa, oko kukuthi, utshintsho olungenamthetho kwimilo, kodwa kunye ne-viscoelasticity.Iplastiki yepolymer, ukuba iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle, umzimba wayo uya kuvelisa i-elastic deformation ephezulu, ukuhamba kwe-viscous, i-polymer deformation yeplastiki inxulumene kakhulu nexesha.Ukongeza, iplastiki yepolymer nayo inamandla athile aphezulu, amandla aphantsi kunye nezinye iimpawu, amandla eplastiki yepolymer ngokuqhelekileyo asezantsi, kodwa ukuxinana kwawo kusezantsi, ngoko ke amandla abe phezulu.I-Polymer ineempawu ezininzi, ezinjengozinzo oluphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ukwandiswa, ukugquma okuphezulu, ngoko ke isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ngabantu abaninzi.
Iindidi zeplastiki zepolymer nazo zahlukeneyo.Okwangoku, ukuhlelwa kweeplastiki zepolymer e-China kubandakanya ngokukodwa iindidi ezisixhenxe: irabha, i-polymer coatings, izinto ze-polymer, i-matrix composites, iiplastiki, iifayibha kunye neeplastiki.
a.Irabha.
Ixabiso le-rubber ye-molecular chain chain lincinci, liguquguqukayo, oku kuvela kwindawo yokujonga kwintsimi ye-physics.I-Rubber enobungakanani bamandla angaphandle iya kutshintsha ukuma kwayo, ngokungazinzi, ukuba amandla angaphandle asusiwe, imeko yasekuqaleni yerabha inokubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza.
b.I-adhesive yepolymer.
Izinto ezincamathelayo ze-polymer adhesive ikakhulu zendalo.Ngokwesiqhelo, ihlala yohlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-adhesive yendalo, yokwenziwa.Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-adhesive synthetic.
c.i-polymer yokwambathisa.
Amacandelo aphambili eengubo zepolymer ngokuyininzi iipolymers, ezenziwe ngendlela elula, ngokukodwa ukongeza i-solvents okanye izongezo kwinkqubo yayo yokuvelisa.Iipolymer zokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezi-3 ngokwesiqhelo, ezizezi, igrisi, i-synthetic resin kunye nentlaka yendalo, ehlala isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
d.izixhobo zepolymer.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezinobunzima bemolekyuli ikakhulu zibandakanya i-enzyme ephezulu yeemolekyuli kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zemolekyuli.Izinto zePolymer zinemisebenzi ethile: amandla, izinto eziphathekayo, ukuguqulwa kolwazi, ukuhanjiswa kunye nemagnethi.
e.ifayibha.
Ifayibha ixhaphakile kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: ifayibha yendalo kunye nefiber yekhemikhali.I-Fiber ineempawu zamandla amancinci okuguqula, amandla amancinci e-valence yesibini kunye nemodyuli ephezulu kwingcamango yomzimba.
f.Iiplastiki.
Iplastiki luhlobo lwemathiriyeli ESEBENZA ngakumbi ngoku, nayo ibe yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo.Amacandelo aphambili eplastiki ahlala enziwe nge-resin, i-polymers yendalo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinye izongezo, ezifana ne-plasticizers, fillers kunye nokunye.Iplastiki ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kwi-synthetic resin, ngoko inokohlulwa ibe yiplastiki ye-thermosetting, i-thermoplastic.
3. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Ngokubanzi, ukuba iplastiki yepolymer ibekwe kwiimeko ze-isothermal, kulula ukuvelisa imveliso.Ekuqhubekeni kwangempela, ubushushu becrystallization abuhambisani ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba i-crystallization yeqondo lokushisa inkulu, iya kuchaphazela inkqubo ye-crystallization.Kwangaxeshanye, uxinzelelo oluphezulu luhlala lusekwe kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-spinning, ifilimu eyolulayo iyenza kunye ne-extrusion forming, ekhokelela ekuthandeni ukukhawuleza kwemveliso.Ukongeza, iiplastiki zisebenzisa ubuchule kuxinzelelo lokucheba.Kwaye phantsi kweempembelelo zoxinzelelo lwe-tensile, inyibilika iya kwenza iikristale ezinde zefibrous.Ukuphakama koxinzelelo kunye namazinga oxinzelelo, kokukhona amatyathanga amade kwaye ephezulu indawo yokunyibilika.
4. Iimpawu zeMichiza
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba iiplastiki ze-polymer zifakwe kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, isakhiwo se-molecular siya kuba neenguqu ezithile.Kule mpendulo, iiplastiki zepolymer zihlala zikhupha isixa esikhulu sezinto ezonakeleyo, ngaloo ndlela zikhupha izinto eziyingozi ngakumbi.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekuqhubeni kufuneka kube nezikhombisi ezicacileyo zezinto ezibonakalayo, khetha izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu.Ngelo xesha, inani elincinci le-antioxidant kunye ne-stabilizer lingafakwa kwifomula yokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-anti-degradation yepolymer.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-16-2019