Kwibala lombane, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiingcingo zombane kunye neentambo kukuzigquma kunye nemathiriyeli yokufaka ijacket.Kwiminyaka emininzi, eyona nto iphambili yokugquma iintambo zombane yayiliphepha elifakwe ioyile ngenxa yeempawu zalo zombane ezigqwesileyo.Kananjalo inomthamo wokumelana neqondo eliphezulu lokugcwala kwe-thermal ngaphandle kokuwohloka ngokugqithisileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-hygroscopicnature yayo, i-sheath yensimbi i-corrod.Kwakukho, ke ngoko, imfuno ekudala ivakale yemathiriyeli yokugquma esebenza ngentambo, eyayinendibaniselwano yendalo engeyiyo i-hygroscopic ye-thermoplasticmaterials.
Ukulungiswa kweepolymers ezinqamlekileyo kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.Enye yi-chemicalmethod kwaye enye yindlela ye-ionizing.Nangona ukufezekiswa kwesi siphumo sokuwela i-crosslink kuneminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 ubudala, impembelelo edibanisayo yemitha ye-ionizing yaboniswa ngokucacileyo okokuqala nguCharlesby.Indlela yeradiation crosslinking yeyona ivelisa iingcingo ezinobungakanani obuncinci kunye nethinwall kwaye ke iingcingo ezisetyenziselwa izixhobo zombane kunye ne-electronic ziye ziveliswa yi-radiation crosslinking method.Indlela iluncedo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kwaye idinga indawo encinci.Inkqubo yokusasazeka kwemitha ilawulwa ngokulula kwaye inamandla okonga amandla kunye nokulawulwa kongcoliseko.Iimpawu ezithe ngqo zeradiation crosslinking zishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:(1) Isantya somgca wemveliso sinokulawulwa.Ukugquma kwesantya esiphezulu (i-extrusion) kunokwenzeka, njengoko akukho mfuneko ye-agent ye-crosslinking.Ngokusebenzisa i-accelerator enegunya eliphezulu kunye namandla aphantsi, ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kunokufezekiswa.(2) Ukufana kwe-crosslinking kubalaseleyo.Ukudibanisa okufanayo ngokukhetha umatshini ofanelekileyo kunye nokwamkela uyilo olufanelekileyo lokutyisa ucingo lunokwenziwa.(3) Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeepolymers zinokulungiswa, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuwela ngemitha ye-crosslinking process.Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokunyanga ngemitha ithandeka ngakumbi kunenkqubo yokunyanga umphunga.Kwinkqubo yokunyanga i-steam, amanzi agqobhoza kumaleko wepolymer phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga enza inani lee'microvoids', enokuthi ibangele ukhuko oluyinxenye lomthi xa intambo ikwinkonzo.Nangona le nto intsonkothe kakhulu, imithi inokukhula kwaye ibangele ukuhla kwamandla e-dielectric kwiintambo.Ngaphandle kwezi, inkqubo yokunyanga umphunga inemiqobo ethile kwimbono yosetyenziso lwamandla: (a) uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga luyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe umoya ophezulu wobushushu;(b) Ukulunga kokuqhuba kwe-thermal evela ngaphandle kwentambo iphantsi kwaye (c) amandla amakhulu asetyenziswa yi-cable conductor, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni okusezantsi kwe-thermal kunye nexesha elide lokusabela kwe-crosslinking.Ukunyanga ngemitha ngumviwa kwiinkqubo ezomileyo.Nangona kunjalo, inengxaki yokuba ukwakhiwa kwee-elektroni kumisiwe kwaye/okanye kubunjwe kumaleko wokugquma ngomjelo wokukhanya kwakhona kubangele ukwaphuka okubume okwenxalenye komthi ngexesha nasemva kokukhanya kwemitha.Yahluke ngokupheleleyo 'kwinkqubo engenamanzi'.Njengoko intambo yepolymer iqulethe ukufuma okuphezulu kunye ne-voids enkulu, inkqubo yokunyanga iyimfuneko.Ngaphandle kwezi zibonelelo zingentla, izixhobo ze-semiconductor zinokungeniswa ngokulula kwinkqubo yokunyanga ngemitha ekungekho lula kwimeko yenkqubo yokunyanga umphunga njengoko uninzi lwezixhobo azikwazanga ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.
Ubuchwephesha bokuxhunyelelwa kwimitha bukwanika i-conductivity kwi-matrix.Le yindlela eyodwa yokudibanisa ukuqhuba imatrix ukuya kwi-insulating.Obu buchule bubandakanya ukuvalwa kwepolymer yomqolo enemonoma efanelekileyo ngokuxhunywa kunye nokubekwa okulandelayo kwe-polymer eqhubayo ngaphezulu komphezulu osebenzayo womqolo.Ngaphandle kokuziphatha kokukhusela, kule meko i-polymer inokuziphatha njengento eqhubayo.Nangona ingekaqinisekiswa, inokubonisa izicelo ezininzi ezinokwenzeka ezifana nokukhusela i-EMI, ukuqhuba iingubo kunye nee-antistatic agents.Bhattacharya etal.baye balungisa imidibaniso yepolymer–FEP-g-(AA)–PPY kunye nepolymer–FEP-g-(sty)–PPY.Ekuqaleni, i-polymer–FEP yayifakwe kwi-radiated form Co-60 kwaye ifilimu yaze yacwiliswa kwipesenti eyahlukileyo yeemonomers.I-PPy emva koko yafakwa phezu komphezulu omiliselweyo nge-oxidative polymerizationof pyrrole kusetyenziswa i-ferric chloride njenge-oxidant.Ukumelana nomphezulu kuyancipha kwaye kulandelelwano lwe-104-105ohm / cm2.Ukumelana nomphezulu kuxhomekeke kwipesenti yokufakelwa kwee-monomers.Ukusebenzisa obu buchule, ukuhanjiswa komphezulu kunokongezwa endaweni ye-bulk conductivity.Ifotoconductingbehaviour yefilim nayo inokunikezelwa ngobuchule bokufakelwa.I-Cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole) kunye ne-cellulose acetate-g-(N-vinyl carbazole-methyl methacylate) yimizekelo yefilimu ye-photoconducting.
Kwishishini lekhebula lombane, ikakhulu i-polyethylene, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), iirubha ze-EPDM zisetyenziswa.I-polyethylene isetyenziswa ngenxa yeempawu zayo zombane ezibalaseleyo kunye nexesha elide.I-polyethylene yoxinano oluphantsi ikhethwa kune-high-densitypolyethylene ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Izizathu zezi zilandelayo: (a) ukuba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi;(b) amandla aphezulu e-dielectric kune-high-density polyethylene;(c)ubomi obude kune-HDPE;(d) Kunzima kakhulu ukusetyenzwa kune-HDPE kunye (e) nomngcipheko omncinci wokufakwa kwe-voids kwi-insulation ye-LDPE, ebangela i-ionization.Ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezo zibonelelo, i-LDPE inemida yayo njengesixhobo sokugquma intambo.Njengepolima ye-thermoplastic, inobushushu obuthambileyo obumalunga ne-105–115⬚C kwaye inomkhwa wokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwenzeka xa idibene neearhente ezithile ezisebenza kumphezulu.Ukudibanisa iimolekyuli ze-polyethylene kuphucula i-thermal kunye ne-physicalproperties ngelixa iimpawu zayo zombane zihlala zingatshintshi.I-Crosslinked polyethylene, ngoko-ngoko, ayisekho i-polymer ye-thermoplastic.Iyathamba kwindawo eyikristale yokunyibilika ye-polyethylene kwaye ithatha ilastiki, ukufana kwerabha, ipropathi eyigcinayo xa iphinda inyuka iqondo lobushushu, ide ibe yicarbonise ngaphandle kokunyibilika kwi-300⬚C.Utyekelo lokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lunyamalala kwaye ukumelana nokuguga kumoya oshushu kuyafunyanwa.Iintambo ze-Crosslinked polyethylene zikhethwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zombane kunye nezomzimba.Iyakwazi ukuthwala imisinga emikhulu, imelana nokugoba kweradiyasi encinci kwaye inobunzima obulula, ivumela ukufakwa lula kwaye okuthembekileyo, oko kukuthi, ikhululekile kwimida yobude kuba ayiqukwanga nayiphi na ioyile kwaye ke ikhululekile kwiintsilelo ngenxa yokufuduka kweoyile kwioyile. intambo yentsimi.Kananjalo ayifuni ngokubanzi isingxobo sesinyithi. Ngoko ke, ikhululekile kwiintsilelo ezikhethekileyo kwiintambo zetsimbi, ukubola kunye nokudinwa.Ngoku-a-imihla, iradiation crosslinking isetyenziswa kwimveliso kungekuphela nje i-polyethylene kodwa nezinye iipholima kwakhona ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride, i-polisobutylene njl. Kwi-PVC yayo ipholima engazinzanga ngokugqithisileyo.Iqale ukuzuza ukubaluleka kwezorhwebo kuphela emva kokuphuhliswa kweendlela ezisebenzayo zokuzinzisa.Ngoncedo lweearhente zohlengahlengiso (izizinzi, iiplastiki, izihluzi kunye nezinye izongezo), iPVC inokwenziwa ukubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweepropathi, ukusukela kokuqina kakhulu ukuya kubhetyebhetye kakhulu.Ukwahluka kwesicelo sayo kunye neendleko zayo eziphantsi zinoxanduva lokubaluleka kwayo kwimarike yehlabathi.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza ngokunqamlezileyo, iipolymers azifane zisetyenziswe ngokwemo yazo esulungekileyo.IiPlastiki, i-antioxidants, izihluzi zinendima yazo ngendlela yazo yokunikezela ngeepropathi eziyimfuneko.I-addition ingcono ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa.Iiplastiki zongezwa kwiipolymers ukunciphisa ubuqhophololo bemveliso yepolymer.Zichaphazela i-crosslinking nanini na xa zithatha inxaxheba kwisizukulwana se-freeradicals okanye zingena kwi-reaction reactions.I-Dibutyl phthalate, i-tritolyl phosphate kunye ne-diallyl phosphate yimizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-plasticiser kwi-PVC.Ukuguquguquka kunye nokunwebeka, okubaluleke kakhulu kwi-insulation yombane, kuphuculwe ngokudibanisa iiplastiki kwi-PVC.Ngokwenyani kwimeko yePVC, ephola ngenxa yolwakhiwo olungalungelelananga, ivelisa iibhondi ezomeleleyo ze-intermolecular, ezidibanisa amatyathanga e-macromolecular ngokungqongqo, kunye zenza ukuba ingagungqi.I-Antioxidants lelinye iqela lezongezo, eziyimfuneko kuwo nawuphi na umxube odityanisiweyo olungiselelwe injongo ephathekayo yokuthelekisa uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-thermooxidative kwimveliso yepolymer.Ngokuqhelekileyo zichaphazela i-crosslinking byscavenging radicals, enokuthi yenze i-crosslinks.I-RC (i-4,4-thio-bis (i-6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol), i-MB (i-Mercapto benzoimidazole) yimizekelo ye-antioxidants esetyenziswa ngu-Ueno et al. Ukongeza kwiiplastiki kunye ne-antioxidants, imibala iyafuneka, Imibala yeplastiki ibandakanya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezingaphiliyo kunye ne-organicmaterials.Izongezo ezigudisiweyo azikhethwa kulo mhlaba.Izihluzi zongezwa ngokubanzi ukuphucula iimpawu zazo ze-physico-mechanical kunye nokuqhubekeka. Kufunyaniswe ukuba isivuno seeradicals kwi-polyethylene sonyuswe nge-50%, xa isixa esincinci (0.05%) se-aerosil songezwa.Kucingelwa ukuba ukuveliswa okuphezulu kweeradicals kwenzeka kwi-interphase aerosil– i-polyethylene, apho i-macromolecules ingaba kwimeko engalinganiyo yeengxaki ezingahlawulwanga Ngomxholo ophezulu wokuzalisa, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwi-filler ukuya kwisigaba se-polymer kunokwenzeka kwaye ngaloo ndlela kube negalelo kwisivuno esiphezulu se-freeradicals.Ngaphaya koko, indibaniselwano yokukhanya kunye nomxube osebenzayo unokuchaphazela ukwenziwa kwendawo kwee-crosslinks ecaleni kwekhonkco lepolymer.
Ngamafutshane, ukusasazeka kwemitha kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzweni kwepolymer esetyenziswa kwibala lombane.'I-radiation crosslinking' yinto enokuthi iphuculwe ngayo iipropathi zeepholima.Yeyona ndlela ihambele phambili efana ne 'vulcanisation' ithwele imida ethile.Ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo kungaphuculwa ngokukhethwa kweemonomer ezifanelekileyo.Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa iradiation crosslinking, iiplasticiser, izihluzi kunye nodibaniso lokubuyiswa komlilo lusebenza kakhulu kwinkqubo yokunqumla ngemitha.Indlela yeradiationcrosslinking ikwaluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseleleni imathiriyeli yesemiconductor.Ngaphandle koku, ubuchule bokuxhunyelelwa ngemitha bukwanokusetyenziswa ukulungisa ifilimu edibeneyo eqhutywayo kunye namafilimu ngokuziphatha kwefotoconducting.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-02-2017