I-PTFE ibizwa ngokuba “yinkosi yeeplastiki”.URoy Planck, uyise we-fluororesin, waqala ukufunda i-Freon substitutes eDuPont e-United States ngo-1936. Baqokelela inxalenye ye-tetrafluoroethylene kwaye bayigcina kwiibhotile zensimbi, belungiselela uvavanyo olulandelayo ngosuku olulandelayo, Kodwa xa i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo. ye-cylinder yavulwa ngosuku olulandelayo, kwakungekho kuphuphuma kwegesi.Babecinga ukuba iyavuza, kodwa xa belinganisa umbhobho, bafumanisa ukuba umbhobho awuzange unciphe.Bayivulile ibhotile yentsimbi baza bafumana umgubo omkhulu omhlophe, owawuyipolytetrafluoroethylene (teflon).
I-PTFE ibizwa ngokuba “yinkosi yeeplastiki”.URoy Planck, uyise we-fluororesin, waqala ukufunda i-Freon substitutes eDuPont e-United States ngo-1936. Baqokelela inxalenye ye-tetrafluoroethylene kwaye bayigcina kwiibhotile zensimbi, belungiselela uvavanyo olulandelayo ngosuku olulandelayo, Kodwa xa i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo. ye-cylinder yavulwa ngosuku olulandelayo, kwakungekho kuphuphuma kwegesi.Babecinga ukuba iyavuza, kodwa xa belinganisa umbhobho, bafumanisa ukuba umbhobho awuzange unciphe.Bayivulile ibhotile yentsimbi baza bafumana umgubo omkhulu omhlophe, owawuyipolytetrafluoroethylene (teflon).
Iimpawu kunye neempawu:
Iimpawu zoomatshini ze-PTFE zithambile.I-PTFE inoluhlu lweempawu zokusebenza ezigqwesileyo:
- Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu:ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-200 ~ 260 degrees;
- Ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi:isathambile kwi-100 degrees;
- Ukuchasa umhlwa:ukumelana ne-aqua regia kunye nazo zonke izinyibilikisi eziphilayo;
- Ukumelana neMozulu:ubomi obufanelekileyo bokuguga kwiplastiki;
- Ukuthambisa okuphezulu:Ubuncinci be-friction (0.04) kwiiplastiki;
- Ayibonakali:Ubuncinci boxinzelelo lomphezulu kwimathiriyeli eqinileyo ngaphandle kokuncamathela nayiphi na into;
- Ayinatyhefu:kunye ne-inertia ye-physiological kunye neempawu ezigqwesileyo zombane, yinto efanelekileyo yokugquma i-C-Class, umaleko otyebileyo wephephandaba unokuthintela amandla ombane aphezulu we-1500V.Igudile kunomkhenkce.
I-coefficient yokukhuhlana ye-PTFE incinci kakhulu, kuphela i-1/5 ye-polyethylene, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumphezulu we-perfluorocarbon.Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-inter molecular force ye-fluorine-carbon chain iphantsi kakhulu, i-PTFE ayinaso i-viscous.I-PTFE igcina iipropathi ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu lwe -196 ukuya ku-260 ° C. Enye yeempawu zeepholima ze-perfluorocarbon kukuba azinabuqhophololo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.I-PTFE inoxinano oluphezulu lwe-2.14-2.20g / cm3, phantse akukho manzi afunxayo, kwaye izinga lokulinganisa lokufunxa amanzi lingaphantsi kwe-0.01%.I-PTFE yipolima eqhelekileyo ethambileyo nebuthathaka.Amandla omxhuzulane phakathi kwama-macromolecules amancinci, kwaye ukuqina, ukuqina, kunye namandla amancinci.Iya konakala phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha elide.
Technology Overview
Ukumiswa kwepolymerization:kwi-polymerization kettle, amanzi asetyenziswa njenge-medium, i-ammonium persulfate esetyenziswa njenge-initiator, kunye ne-dilute i-hydrochloric acid esetyenziswa njenge-activator, i-tetrafluoroethylene i-polymerized kuxinzelelo lwe-0.5-2 MPa kunye ne-40-45 ℃ ukufumana amasuntswana amhlophe, kunye fumana i-polytetrafluoroethylene engumgubo kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo emva kokucutywa, ukucola kunye nokomisa.
Ukusasazwa kwepolymerization:Inani elincinci le-dispersant (ammonium perfluorooctanoate) kunye ne-stabilizer (i-fluorocarbon compound) yongezwa ukuqalisa i-polymerization kunye ne-redox catalyst.I-Polymerization ihlukaniswe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu luyi-2 MPa kunye ne-25 ℃, kwaye uxinzelelo oluphantsi ngu-0.6-0.7 MPa kunye no-0-38 ℃.Isisombululo se-polymerization se-polytetrafluoroethylene senziwa yi-dispersion polymerization, kwaye i-resin ye-dispersion ifunyenwe ngokudibanisa, ukomisa, kunye nokuhlolwa.Nge-polymerization ye-dispersion, phantsi kwesenzo samanzi angenayo i-ion kunye nabancedisi abahlukeneyo, i-emulsion emhlophe yenziwa.I-emulsion i-evaporated kwaye igxininiswe kwi-kettle yoxinaniso ukuze yenze i-liquid concentrated, oko kukuthi, i-emulsion ehlakaziweyo.
I-resin ye-dispersion inentsebenzo engcono yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.I-Polytetrafluoroethylene iyanqanda kwaye ayinamanzi.Ubungakanani bayo be-particle kunye ne-particle shape inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-melt fluidity, iimpawu zayo zokucwangcisa kunye nemveliso yemveliso.Umahluko kumgangatho wee-resin ezimisiweyo kunye ne-resin ezihlakaziweyo ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle, kunye ne-particle morphology.Owokuqala unomlinganiselo we-millimeter particle size, ngelixa lo mva unobungakanani be-submicron (250-350nm) .Ii-resin ezimisiweyo zingabunjwa kwaye zicutshungulwe, kodwa azikwazi ukukhutshwa kwifom ye-paste, ngelixa i-resin echithwayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwe-paste.Ubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nekristale ye-PTFE yokuchitha iireyini ziphezulu ngokubanzi kunezo zeereyini ezinqunyanyisiweyo, kunye necrystallinity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-96-98%, kwaye ubomi bokudinwa bugoba bubude obuphindwe ngama-2300 kunobo beentlaka ezinqunyanyisiweyo.
Ubungakanani be-particle ye-resin echithiweyo eveliswa yi-emulsion polymerization incinci, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani beengqungquthela kunengqiqo, kwaye i-particle morphology iyalawuleka, ngoko ke kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
Okwangoku, malunga nesibini kwisithathu se-PTFE resins ziveliswa ngendlela yokunqunyanyiswa kunye nesinye kwisithathu nge-dispersion method.
Ngo-2019, kukho iinkampani ezili-12 zemveliso zasekhaya ze-PTFE ezinomthamo omalunga ne-140,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-40% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthamo wemveliso we-PTFE waseTshayina ubukhulu becala lomgangatho wokubumba ophakathi kunye neemveliso ezisezantsi.
Umthamo wemveliso we-PTFE waseTshayina ugxile kakhulu.Iinkampani ezintandathu eziphezulu kushishino zithatha malunga ne-83% yomthamo wemveliso.Inkokeli yoshishino, iQela le-Dongyue, lithatha phantse isinye kwisithathu sesabelo semarike.
Ngo-2019, kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso ye-PTFE yasekhaya imalunga neetoni ezingama-90,000, ikakhulu kumgangatho wokubumba inqanaba eliphakathi kunye neemveliso ezisezantsi, kwaye inqanaba eliphezulu le-PTFE le-resin yendawo liphantsi kakhulu, elixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngaphandle. umthumeli ngaphandle kwe-PTFE.Ngo-2004, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-PTFE wase-China wagqithisa umthamo wokungenisa elizweni, kwaye umthamo wayo wanda kakhulu ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya ku-2012, kwaye umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwayo unyuke unyaka nonyaka.Ngo-2010, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-PTFE wase-China wadlula iitoni ezingama-20,000 okokuqala kwaye uhlala ukwi-20,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka de kube ngoku. -ukusebenza okulungisiweyo kweemveliso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini asezantsi kwiimveliso ze-PTFE eziphezulu.Okwangoku, iChina ephezulu ye-PTFE ibonelelwa ikakhulu ziinkampani zangaphandle ezifanaDaikineJapan,DuPonteUnited States.
Usetyenziso oluphambili lwe-5G
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-5G iteknoloji yonxibelelwano, imfuno ehambelanayo ye-frequency ephezulu kunye ne-low dielectric materials nayo yanda.Izixhobo ze-Fluorine zine-insulation egqwesileyo kwaye aziphazamiseki lula ngamaza omsakazo we-high-frequency.I-Fluoropolymers ineempawu ezintle ze-dielectric eziphantsi kunye nezinto ezilahlekileyo eziphantsi phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu ze-frequency.Banokubonelela nge-ultra-high-frequencies kunye nokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kumaziko edatha, iinqaba zokuhambisa umqondiso, kunye nezixhobo zombane zomntu.Ke ngoko, ngokukhawuleziswa kwe-5G, imfuno yentengiso ye-fluoropolymers ephezulu yokusebenza nayo iyanda.
Izicelo eziphambili ziyi-5G yonxibelelwano lweentambo ze-high-speed cables, i-semiconductors, ii-PCB kunye namacandelo e-antenna.
I-high-frequency kunye ne-high-speed cable
I-resin ye-Teflon iphucula ukusebenza kombane kumacandelo e-cable insulation kunye neebhatyi kwaye ibonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo olungenakulinganiswa.Ezi mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-wiring (ezifana ne-High-speed cable) kuthungelwano lwendawo yendawo (LAN), amaziko edatha, kunye nezinye izicelo zonxibelelwano oluphezulu.Ngoko ke, i-fluoropolymers iya kusetyenziswa kwimigca yokuhambisa i-high-frequency enemisebenzi emininzi, umthamo omkhulu wokuhanjiswa kwedatha, kunye nenkcazo ephezulu.
Ukwenziwa kweSemiconductor
I-5G ichaphazela uphuhliso lweshishini le-semiconductor kunye nokutshintsha iimfuno zeshishini.Iipolima ze-PTFE zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor.
PCB kunye namacandelo e-eriyali
Ngexesha le-5G, iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo (i-PCBs) ziya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-high-performance fluoropolymer materials, ezinokuphucula umgangatho wokuhanjiswa kwe-5G.I-PTFE isetyenziselwa amacandelo e-prepreg kwii-PCBs kunye neenkqubo ze-eriyali ukuphumeza uqhagamshelo lwe-frequency ephezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2019