Ingabe Ukubumba Okujikelezayo Kukulungele?

Ngakho udinga ingxenye yepulasitiki yangokwezifiso noma umkhiqizo, kodwa awazi ukuthi wenziwa kanjani.

Ingabe inkulu noma incane?Ingabe kufanele iguquguquke noma iqine?Ingabe iyindilinga, isikwele, noma umumo othile oyinqaba?Ingabe usunayo kakade isikhunta, noma udinga ukuba yenziwe?

Lo mhlahlandlela uzochaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinqubo zokubumba ezitholakalayo namuhla ukuze zikusize uthole inqubo efanelekile yomkhiqizo wakho.

Kuyini Ukubumba Kwepulasitiki?

Ukubumba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukubumba okupeliwe, kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza ngokubumba izinto eziwuketshezi noma ezithambile usebenzisa uhlaka oluqinile olubizwa ngokuthi isikhunta noma i-matrix.

Lapho ubumba amapulasitiki, impushana noma i-polymer ewuketshezi efana ne-polyethylene noma i-polypropylene ifakwa esikhunjeni esingenalutho ukuze i-polymer ikwazi ukuthatha isimo sayo.Kuye ngohlobo lwenqubo esetshenzisiwe, izinhlobonhlobo zokushisa nokucindezela zisetshenziselwa ukudala umkhiqizo wokugcina.

Umlando Wokubumba Ipulasitiki

Ukubumba ipulasitiki kwaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800 ukugcwalisa isidingo samabhola e-billiard epulasitiki ngokumelene namabhola ebhilidi endlovu ayevame ukusetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi.Ngo-1868, uJohn Wesley Hyatt wasungula indlela yokwenza amabhola ebhilidi ngokujova i-celluloid esikhunjeni.Eminyakeni emine kamuva, u-Hyatt nomfowabo basungula futhi banelungelo lobunikazi umshini wokuzenzakalelayo le nqubo.Lona bekuwumshini wokuqala wokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki okhona futhi wasebenzisa i-plunger eyisisekelo ukujova ipulasitiki esikhunjeni ngokusebenzisa isilinda esishisayo.

Ngo-1946, umshini wokubumba umjovo wesikulufa wasungulwa nguJames Hendry, owathatha indawo yomjovo we-plunger.Lena inqubo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.

Ukubumba okujikelezayo kwesimanje nakho kunomlando ocebile kusukela ngo-1855 lapho ukuzungezisa nokushisa kwasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amagobolondo ensimbi eBrithani.

Ipulasitiki yaqalwa kule nqubo ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, lapho ukubumba okujikelezayo kwaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhanda onodoli.Kwase kuthi ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kwasungulwa inqubo yesimanje yokubumba ejikelezayo esivumela ukuthi sakhe iziqukathi ezinkulu ezingcwele ezine-polyethylene ephansi.Emlandweni wakamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo, imishini engcono, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwempuphu yepulasitiki kuye kwasheshisa inqubo yokudala imikhiqizo eqediwe okubangele ukubumba okujikelezayo kukhule ngokushesha ekudumeni.

Izinhlobo zokubunjwa kwePlastiki

Amasu athandwa kakhulu ekubumbeni kwepulasitiki ukubumba okujikelezayo, ukubumba umjovo, ukubunjwa kwe-blow, ukubunjwa kokucindezela, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, kanye ne-thermoforming.Sizofaka zonke lezi zindlela kulo mhlahlandlela ukuze sikusize uthole inqubo engcono kakhulu yokwenza ingxenye yakho noma umkhiqizo.

Ukubumba Okujikelezayo

I-Rotational Molding, ebizwa nangokuthi i-rotomolding, iyinqubo yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu ezingenalutho nemikhiqizo ngokubeka impushana noma inhlaka ewuketshezi esikhunjini sensimbi bese siyizungezisa kuhhavini kuze kube yilapho inhlaka imboza ingaphakathi lesikhunta.Ukuzungeza njalo kwesikhunta kudala amandla amaphakathi akha imikhiqizo enezindonga ezilinganayo.Uma isikhunta sesipholile, ipulasitiki eqinile iyasuswa esikhunjeni.

Impahla encane kakhulu emoshwayo phakathi nenqubo, futhi impahla eyeqile ivame ukusetshenziswa kabusha, okwenza ibe ukonga futhi ingabi nemvelo.

Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile Kokubumba Okujikelezayo

Ukubumba okujikelezayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo emikhulu yepulasitiki engenalutho njengezinqola zokusetshenziswa, amathangi okugcina, izingxenye zemoto, ama-buoy olwandle, izindlu zezilwane ezifuywayo, imigqomo yokugaya kabusha, izigaxa zomgwaqo, ama-kayak hulls, namaslayidi enkundla yokudlala.

Izibungu Ezijikelezayo Zenziwa Ngokwezifiso Kakhulu Futhi Ziyasebenza

Isikhunta ngokwaso singaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukubunjwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo.Isikhunta singafaka izinto ezifakiwe, amajika, namakhonsathi kanye namalogo nezikhala zokufakwa kwepulasitiki noma kwensimbi okufanele kubekwe ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usubunjiwe.

Izindleko zamathuluzi ziphansi ngokukhunta okujikelezayo kunomjovo noma isikhunta sokushaywa.Imiphumela iba yizindleko eziphansi zokuqalisa kanye nokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu kusebenza ngisho nalapho ukhiqiza izinto ezimbalwa ezifika ku-25 ngesikhathi.

Ukubunjwa komjovo

Ukubunjwa komjovo kuyinqubo yokwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki zangokwezifiso ngokujova izinto zepulasitiki ezincibilikisiwe ngokucindezela okukhulu zibe isikhunta sensimbi.Njengezinye izinhlobo zokubumba ipulasitiki, ngemva kokuba ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe ijovwe esikhunjeni, isikhunta siyapholiswa futhi sivulwe ukuze kwembule ingxenye yepulasitiki eqinile.

Inqubo ifana nesikhunta se-Jello esigcwaliswa bese sipholiswa ukuze kwakhiwe umkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile Kokubumba Umjovo

Ukubumba umjovo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki ezenziwe ngevolumu ephezulu kakhulu.Imishini emikhulu yokubumba umjovo ingabumba izingxenye zemoto.Imishini emincane ingakhiqiza izingxenye zepulasitiki ezinembe kakhulu zokuhlinzwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-resin epulasitiki nezithasiselo ezingasetshenziswa enqubweni yokubumba umjovo, okwandisa ukuguquguquka kwayo kubaklami nonjiniyela.

Isikhunta sokujova, esivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi noma nge-aluminium, sithwala izindleko ezinkulu.Nokho, izindleko ingxenye ngayinye iyonga kakhulu uma udinga izingxenye eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngonyaka.

Ngokubunjwa komjovo, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi kuvame ukuthatha amasonto ayi-12-16 kuze kufike kumaviki amane ngaphezulu kokukhiqiza.

Vuthela Ukubumba

Ukubumba i-Blow kuyindlela yokwenza izingxenye zepulasitiki ezingenalutho, ezinodonga oluncane, ngokwezifiso.Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo enobukhulu obufanayo bodonga nalapho ukwakheka kubalulekile.Inqubo isekelwe phezu komgomo ofanayo nokuvunguza kwengilazi.

Imishini yokubumba ifutha ishisa ipulasitiki bese ijova umoya ufutha ipulasitiki eshisayo njengebhaluni.Ipulasitiki ishaywa ibe isikhunta futhi njengoba ikhula, icindezela izindonga zesikhunta ithatha isimo sayo.Ngemuva kokuthi "ibhaluni" lepulasitiki ligcwalise isikhunta, liyapholiswa futhi liqiniswe, futhi ingxenye iyakhishwa.Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemibili ngakho isilinganiso samahora ayi-12 singakhiqiza izingcezu eziyi-1440.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwe-Blow Molding

Izinqubo zokubumba zikhiqiza, ezimweni eziningi, amabhodlela, izigubhu zepulasitiki, namathangi kaphethiloli.Uma udinga amabhodlela epulasitiki ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, lena yinqubo yakho.Ukubumba i-Blow kuyashesha futhi kuyayonga kanti isikhunta ngokwaso sibiza ngaphansi kokubunjwa komjovo, kodwa ngaphezu kokubunjwa okujikelezayo ... ngezinye izikhathi ukuphakama izikhathi ezingu-6 kuya kweziyi-7 kunethuluzi lokubumba i-roto.

Ukubunjwa Kokucindezela

Ukubunjwa kokucindezela kwenziwa ncamashi njengoba negama lisho.Impahla yepulasitiki eshisayo ifakwa esikhunjeni esishisayo bese icindezelwa ngendlela ethile.Ngokuvamile, ipulasitiki ifika ngamashidi, kodwa ingaba ngobuningi.Uma ipulasitiki icindezelekile ibe yisimo esifanele, inqubo yokushisa iqinisekisa ukuthi ipulasitiki igcina amandla amakhulu.Izinyathelo zokugcina kule nqubo zihilela ukupholisa, ukusika, bese ususa ingxenye yepulasitiki esikhunjeni.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwe-Compression Molding

Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kakhulu kokubunjwa kokucindezela ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ngezingxenye zepulasitiki.Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izingxenye ezincane kanye nemikhiqizo ngevolumu ephezulu kakhulu.Imboni yezimoto isebenzisa i-compression molding kakhulu ngoba imikhiqizo yokugcina inamandla kakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

Izindleko zokuqala zesikhunta sokucindezelwa zinkulu, kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa inani lemigodi, ubukhulu bezingxenye, ubunkimbinkimbi bezingcezu, kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo phakathi kwezinye izinto.Kodwa izindleko zengxenye ngayinye ziphansi ngamanani aphezulu, ngakho-ke izingxenye ezinkulu zezingxenye zilungele lolu hlobo lokubumba.

I-Extrusion Molding

Ukubumba kwe-Extrusion kufana nokubumba umjovo ngaphandle kokuthi umumo omude oqhubekayo uyakhiqizwa.Omunye umehluko ekubumbeni kwe-extrusion ukuthi inqubo isebenzisa "kufa" hhayi "isikhunta."

Izingxenye ezinwetshiwe zenziwe ngokukhama impahla eluhlaza eshisayo ngokusebenzisa idayi yangokwezifiso.Ukubona ngeso elilula kuzofana nokukhama i-Play Doh embobeni emise okwezimo.

Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zokubumba zisebenzisa i-extrusion ukuze zenze izinsalela zepulasitiki zibe isikhunta, le nqubo ikhipha ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe ibe yifa.Ukuma kwe-die, hhayi isikhunta, kunquma ukuma komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwe-Extrusion Molding

Izingxenye ezenziwe nge-extrusion zinephrofayili ye-cross-sectional engashintshi.Izibonelo zemikhiqizo ekhishiwe zifaka amapayipi e-PVC, ama-straws, namapayipi.Izingxenye akudingeki zibe yindilinga kodwa zidinga ukuba nesimo esifanayo ngobude bengxenye.

Izindleko zokubunjwa kwe-extrusion ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokubumba ngenxa yobulula bokufa kanye nemishini ngokwayo.

Kodwa-ke, imvelo yenqubo yokubumba i-extrusion ikhawulela izinhlobo zemikhiqizo engenziwa ngale ndlela.

I-Thermoforming

I-Thermoforming iyinqubo yokukhiqiza lapho ishidi lepulasitiki elibizwa ngokuthi i-thermoplastic lishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elithambile, lakhiwe ngendlela ethile esikhunjeni, futhi lisikwe ukuze kwakhiwe umkhiqizo osebenzisekayo.I-Thermoplastic iza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha, imibala, isiphetho, nokuqina.

I-Thermoforming isebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zokubunjwa nezinqubo ukuze kuzuzwe umkhiqizo wokugcina.Ukuze udale imikhiqizo ye-3D, isikhunta ngokuvamile siyifomu elilodwa le-3D elenziwe nge-aluminium.Ngenxa yokuthi i-thermoforming isebenzisa izingcindezi eziphansi, isikhunta singakhiqizwa ngezindleko eziphansi kusetshenziswa izinto ezingabizi.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kwe-Thermoforming

I-Thin-gauge thermoforming ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkomishi ezilahlwayo, iziqukathi, izivalo, amathreyi, amabhamuza, amagobolondo, neminye imikhiqizo yezimboni zokudla nezijwayelekile zokudayisa.I-Thick-gauge thermoforming ihlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene njengezicabha zemoto namaphaneli edeshi, olayini besiqandisi, kanye nemibhede yezimoto ezisetshenziswayo.

Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe amaviki angu-8 ukwenza isikhunta se-thermoform silungele ukukhiqizwa.Izindleko zesikhunta se-thermoform zisekelwe kusayizi wengxenye edinga ukukhiqizwa.Isikhunta sengxenye encane singabiza imali encane efinyelela ku-$20,000 kuyilapho izindleko zesikhunta esikhulu zingaba phezulu kwama-$50,000.