Ipulasitiki ye-thermoplastic, noma i-thermosoftening, ipulasitiki, i-polymer, ekwazi ukuphenduleka noma ebunjwe ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elithile futhi iqine lapho ipholisa.
Iningi le-thermoplastics linesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana.Amaketanga e-polymer ahlotshaniswa namandla e-intermolecular, abuthaka ngokushesha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, akhiphe uketshezi olubonakalayo.Ngakho-ke, i-thermoplastics ingase ibunjwe kabusha ngokufudumeza futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ngamasu ahlukahlukene okucubungula i-polymer njengokubumba umjovo, ukubumba ukucindezela, i-calendering, kanye ne-extrusion.I-Thermoplastics ihlukile kuma-polymers e-thermosetting, akha amabhondi amakhemikhali angenakuhlehliswa phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha.Ama-thermosets awancibiliki lapho eshiswa: ayabola futhi awaguquki lapho epholisa.
I-Acrylic:I-Acrylic, i-polymer ebizwa nge-poly (PMMA), yaziwa nangokuthi amagama okuhweba afana ne-Lucite, i-Perspex ne-Plexiglas.Isebenza njengengxenye eqinile yengilazi yezinto ezinjengama-aquariums, ama-visors ama-helmet yesithuthuthu, amafasitela endiza, amachweba wokubuka wezinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi, namalensi amalambu angaphandle ezimoto.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izimpawu, kufaka phakathi amagama namalogo.Kwezokwelapha, isetshenziswa kusimende wamathambo kanye nokushintsha amalensi wamehlo.Upende we-Acrylic uqukethe izinhlayiya ze-PMMA ezilengiswe emanzini.
I-ABS:I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) iyi-terpolymer ehlanganiswe kusuka ku-styrene ne-acrylonitrile phambi kwe-polybutadiene.I-ABS iyinto enesisindo esincane ekhombisa ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu kanye nokuqina kwemishini.Ibeka izingozi ezimbalwa empilweni yomuntu ngaphansi kokuphathwa okuvamile.Isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi yabathengi, njengamathoyizi, izinto zikagesi, nezingcingo.
Inayiloni:Inayiloni ingeyesigaba sama-polymers abizwa nge-polyamides.Isebenze njengebambela ikakhulukazi i-hemp, ukotini nosilika, emikhiqizweni efana namapharashuthi, izintambo, oseyili, ama-flak vest kanye nezingubo zabesifazane.Imicu yenayiloni iwusizo ekwenzeni izindwangu, intambo, okhaphethi nezintambo zomculo, kanti ngefomu eyinqwaba, Inayiloni isetshenziselwa izingxenye zemishini ezihlanganisa izikulufu zomshini, amagiya kanye namakesi wamathuluzi wamandla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezimelana nokushisa.
I-PLA:I-Polylactic acid (i-polylactide) i-biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester etholakala ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo, ezifana nesitashi sombila (e-United States), izimpande ze-tapioca, ama-chips noma isitashi (ikakhulukazi e-Asia), noma umoba.Ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngamasu e-fused deposition modelling (FDM).
I-Polybenzimidazole:I-Polybenzimidazole fiber iyifayibha yokwenziwa enephuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu kakhulu.Inokuqina okushisayo namakhemikhali futhi ayishisi kalula.Yatholwa okokuqala ngusokhemisi we-polymer waseMelika u-Carl Shipp Marvel ephishekela izinto ezintsha ezinokuzinza okuphakeme, ukugcinwa kokuqina, ukuqina emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, i-Polybenzimidazole isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zokuzivikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu njengegiya lezicishamlilo, amasudi asemkhathini kasonkanyezi, amagilavu okuvikela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izingubo zokushisela nezindwangu zodonga lwendiza.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-polybenzimidazole ithole ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengolwelwesi kumaseli kaphethiloli.
I-Polycarbonate:I-Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastics yaziwa ngaphansi kwezimpawu zokuthengisa ezifana ne-Lexan, i-Makrolon, i-Makroclear, ne-arcoPlus.Asetshenzwa kalula, abunjwe, futhi enziwe i-thermoform ezisetshenziswa eziningi, njengezinto zikagesi, izinto zokwakha, izinto zokugcina idatha, izingxenye zezimoto nezezindiza, amasokhethi ezinto zokufakelwa kanye nokucwebezela kwezokuphepha.Ama-Polycarbonates awanayo ikhodi yokuhlonza inhlaka ehlukile.Izinto ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate zingaqukatha i-precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
I-polyether sulfone:I-Polyether sulfone (PES) iyikilasi le-thermoplastics eyenziwe ngokukhethekile enokuqina okuphezulu kwe-thermal, oxidative, kanye ne-hydrolytic, nokumelana kahle nama-aqueous mineral acids, ama-alkali, izixazululo zikasawoti, amafutha namafutha.
I-Polyoxymethylene:I-Polyoxymethylene (POM), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acetal, i-polyacetal ne-polyformaldehyde, i-thermoplastic yobunjiniyela esetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezinembayo ezidinga ukuqina okuphezulu, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional okuhle kakhulu.Njengamanye ama-polymers amaningi okwenziwa, ikhiqizwa amafemu amakhemikhali ahlukene anamafomula ahlukene kancane futhi ithengiswe ngokuhlukahluka ngamagama anjenge-Delrin, i-Celcon, i-Ramtal, i-Duracon, i-Kepital ne-Hostaform.
I-polyetherther ketone:I-Polyether ether ketone(PEEK) i-polymer ye-organic thermoplastic engenambala emndenini we-polyaryletherketone (PAEK), esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela.Yaqala yethulwa yi-Victrex PLC, kwase kuba yi-ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.Inezici ezikhangayo ezifana nokungabambeki kahle komhuzuko, ukuvutha okuphansi nokukhipha intuthu namagesi anobuthi.
I-Polyetherimide:I-Polyetherimide (PEI), ekhiqizwe i-novel nitro displacement reaction ehlanganisa i-bisphenol A, 4, 4'-methylenedianiline kanye ne-3-nitrophthalic anhydride, inokushisa okuphezulu okuhlanekezela ukushisa, amandla aqinile kanye ne-modulus.Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezisebenza kahle zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, izinto zikagesi ze-microwave, nezingxenye zezimoto ezingaphansi kwe-hood.
I-polyethylene:I-Polyethylene (i-polyethene, i-polythene, i-PE) iwumndeni wezinto ezifanayo ezihlukaniswa ngokuhlangana kwazo kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana.Yaziwa nangokuthi i-poly futhi itholakala ngokuhlanganisa i-polymerization ye-ethylene. inqubo esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo.Iyakwazi ukumelana nomswakama kanye namakhemikhali amaningi.Iyavumelana nezimo ekamelweni lokushisa.(kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi) futhi lingavalwa ngokushisa.
I-Polyphenylene oxide:I-Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), etholakala ku-free-radical, i-step-growth oxidative coupling coupling polymerization ye-2,6-xylenol, inezinto eziningi ezikhangayo ezifana nokuhlanekezela ukushisa okuphezulu namandla okuthinta, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kumaminerali nama-asidi aphilayo, kanye ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi.I-PPO kunzima ukuyicubungula, ngakho-ke i-resin yezohwebo (i-Noryl) yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa i-PPO ne-polystyrene (HIPS) enethonya eliphezulu, okusebenza ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokucubungula.
I-Polyphenylene sulfide:I-Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) etholwe yi-polymerization ye-condensation ye-p-dichlorobenzene ne-sodium sulfide, inokumelana namakhemikhali okuvelele, izakhiwo ezinhle zikagesi, ukubambezeleka kwelangabi okuhle kakhulu, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana kanye nokucaca okuphezulu emisebeni ye-microwave.I-PPS isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekufakeni izicelo.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufafaza i-slurry enamanzi yezinhlayiya ze-PPS kanye nokufudumeza kumazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-370°C.Amabanga athile e-PPS angasetshenziswa ekubumbeni umjovo nasekucindezelweni emazingeni okushisa (300 kuya ku-370°C) lapho izinhlayiya ze-PPS zithambisa futhi zihlangane ngokusobala.Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko komjovo kanye ne-PPS ebunjiwe yokucindezelwa kufaka phakathi i-cookware, ama-bearings, nezingxenye zokumpompa zesevisi ezindaweni ezigqwalile.
I-Polypropylene:I-Polypropylene (PP) iwusizo emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene efana neziqukathi zokudla zepulasitiki ezisebenziseka kabusha, iziqukathi zepulasitiki eziphephile ze-microwave- nezitsha zokugeza izitsha, ulwelwesi lwamanabukeni, ulwelwesi lwamaphedi we-sanitary kanye ne-casing, izintambo, okhaphethi, izinto zokubumba zepulasitiki, amapayipi amapayipi, amabhethri emoto, ukufakwa kwezinto zikagesi. izintambo nezihlungi zamagesi noketshezi.Emithi, isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-hernia nokwenza imishini yezokwelapha ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.Amashidi e-polypropylene asetshenziselwa amafolda okubhala kanye nokupakisha kanye nemigqomo ecacile yokugcina.I-Polypropylene ichazwa inombolo yepulasitiki egaywa kabusha engu-5. Nakuba ingenawo amandla, isengozini emisebeni ye-ultraviolet futhi ingawohloka kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile.I-Polypropylene ayizweli njenge-polyethylenes (i-HDPE, i-LDPE).Iyakwazi futhi ukungena kumagesi aguquguqukayo kakhulu noketshezi.
I-Polystyrene:I-Polystyrene ikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisebenza ngokuhlukile.I-polystyrene enwetshiwe (PS) isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zokusika ezilahlwayo, amakesi e-CD nama-DVD, amamodeli epulasitiki ezimoto nezikebhe, nezindlu zokuthungatha intuthu.Igwebu elinwetshiwe le-polystyrene (EPS) lisetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zokuvala nokupakisha, “njengamakinati” kanye negwebu elibunjiwe elisetshenziselwa ukumisa imikhiqizo ephuka kalula.Igwebu le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe (i-XPS), elaziwa ngegama lokuhweba elithi Styrofoam, lisetshenziselwa ukwenza amamodeli ezakhiwo nezinkomishi zokuphuza zeziphuzo ezishisayo.Ama-copolymers e-polystyrene asetshenziswa ekwenzeni amathoyizi nama-casings womkhiqizo.
I-Polyvinyl chloride:I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) iyimpahla eqinile, engasindi futhi imelana nama-asidi nezisekelo.Iningi lazo lisetshenziswa imboni yezokwakha, njenge-vinyl siding, drainpipes, gutters kanye namashidi okufulela.Ibuye iguqulwe ibe amafomu aguquguqukayo ngokufaka ama-plasticizers, ngaleyo ndlela iyenze ibe usizo ezintweni ezifana namapayipi, amashubhu, ukufakwa kukagesi, amajazi, amabhantshi kanye ne-upholstery.I-PVC eguquguqukayo iphinde isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni ephefumulayo, njengemibhede yamanzi namathoyizi e-pool.I-PVC iphinde ibe yinto evamile ezibalweni zesenzo se-vinyl, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana ne-Japan, lapho impahla isetshenziswa kakhulu kulokho okubizwa ngezibalo ze-Sofubi.Njengoba i-PVC igoba kalula futhi inomkhuba wokugoba ngesikhathi sokuthutha, indlela 'yokulungisa' lokhu kuguga iwukushisa ipulasitiki ize ihambe, bese 'ugoba kabusha' into endaweni efanele.
i-polymer:i-polymer igama lomkhiqizo we-DuPont ye-polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), engeyesigaba se-thermoplastics
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-01-2018