Ipulasitikizakhiwe ngama-polymers, kodwa amanye ama-polymers afana nama-biopolymers awawona amapulasitiki.Izinto zepulasitiki zisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke njengamakhompiyutha, ipeni, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-compact disc, i-pendrive, nezixubho njll.I-Plastic ichazwa njenganoma iyiphi impahla ephilayo yokwenziwa noma e-semi-synthetic engalolongwa noma ibunjwe ibe nanoma yiluphi uhlobo.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali epulasitiki kuhlanganisa amaketanga ekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, isulfure noma i-nitrogen.
Umlando wepulasitiki
Ngo-1284 kwatholakala izinhlanganisela zepulasitiki ezenziwe ngokwemvelo ngophondo negobolondo lofudu. Kwatholakala umugqa wesikhathi wepulasitiki waseScotland uCharles Macintosh ngo-1823, wathola irabha. Ngo-1869, u-John W. Hyatt wasungula i-Celluloid [izinto ezivuthayo ezingenambala]Ngo-1872, abazalwane bakwa-Hyatt banelungelo lobunikazi bomshini wokuqala wokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki ngo-1880 i-cellulose nitrate esikhundleni sophondo njengento ekhethwayo yokwenza ama-combs85, eGeorge. Umshini wobunikazi be-Eastman Kodak wokukhiqiza ifilimu yesithombe eqhubekayo esekelwe ku-cellulose nitrate.1900 umugqa wesikhathi wepulasitikiNgo-1908, u-Jacques E. Brandenberger wasungula i-Cellophane [i-transparent cellulose material]Ngo-1909, amapulasitiki e-Casein, asuselwa obisini, athuthukiswa yi-Erinoid, e-H. Yakha umkhiqizo wokuqala wepulasitiki owenziwe ngokuphelele obizwa ngokuthi i-BakeliteNgo-1916, iRoll Royce iqala ukusebenzisa i-phenol formaldehyde emotweni yayo.Ngo-1920, kwasungulwa i-Polyvinyl chloride noma i-PVC. yinkampani eyi-3MNgo-1933, uFawcett no-Gibson bathola impahla ye-polyethyleneNgo-1938, kwenziwa isixubho sokuqala esinezigaxa enayiloni. Ngo-1939, kulo nyaka kwadalwa inayiloni. kukhiqizwa i-styrene (ABS). Ngo-1949, i-Tupperware material eyenziwe nge-low density polyethylene. Ngo-1949, i-DuPont yasungula umkhiqizo we-Lycra osekelwe ku-polyurethane. Ngo-1953, impahla yepulasitiki ye-Lexan yasungulwa nguDaniel Fox. I-Toy Fair.Ngo-1965 i-DuPont yakhipha imikhiqizo enegama lohwebo lika-Kevlar.Ngo-1973, kwethulwa amabhodlela esiphuzo e-Polyethylene terephthalate.Ngo-1988, izimpawu zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha eziphathelene namapulasitiki zethulwa.2000 kuya ku-2022 umugqa wesikhathi wepulasitiki ngo-2003 yi-European PVCit recycling. uhlelo] yasungulwa ngo-2005 kulo nyaka i-NASA ihlola izinzuzo zezinto ezisekelwe ku-polyethylene i-RFX1 [i-RFX1 esetshenziselwa ukwakha umkhumbi-mkhathi]Ngo-2011, i-vinylplus - uhlelo lokusimama lwasungulwaNgo-2012 indwangu ye-PVC eyasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zama-Olympic zaseLondon ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC ka-2020 kuzofinyelela ku-800,000 amathoni ngonyaka ka-2022 kulo nyaka inkundla yokubukisa ngendebe yomhlaba ye-FIFA yaseqatar ihlela ukusebenzisa indwangu ye-PVC ecwebezelayo, engunxantathu ukuze kwakhe i-zero carbon.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amapulasitiki
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe Ukulungiswa kwenqubo ye-monomerPolymerization Ukuguqulwa kwama-polymer resins abe yimikhiqizo yepulasitiki
Enqubweni yokuguqula izinsalela ze-polymer zibe umkhiqizo wepulasitiki kuhileleke izinyathelo ezilandelayo
I-ExtrusionUmjovo wokubumbaUkubumba okushisayoUkubumba okujikelezayo
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2017