Izinhlobo zemishini ye-extrusion ne-extrusion

I-Extrusion iyinqubo yokuguquguquka ecindezelayo lapho ibhulokhi lensimbi likhanywa nge-orifice noma indawo yokuvula ukuze kutholwe ukuncishiswa kobubanzi nokwanda kobude bebhulokhi yensimbi.Umkhiqizo owumphumela uzoba nesiqephu esifiselekayo.I-Extrusion ihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ze-axisymmetric.Ama-dies of circular on non-circular cross-section asetshenziselwa i-extrusion.Ngokuvamile, i-extrusion ihilela amandla amakhulu okwenza.Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-hydrostatic ku-extrusion kusiza kule nqubo ngokuthuthukisa i-ductility yezinto.Izinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, ezisebenza kalula, zingakhishwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.

Izinhlobo ze-extrusion:

I-Extrusion eqondile:I-Extrusion eqondile, ebizwa nangokuthi i-forward extrusion, inqubo lapho i-billet ihamba ngendlela efanayo nenqama kanye ne-punch.Ukushelela kwe-billet kuphambene nodonga lwesitsha esimile.Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesiqukathi ne-billet kuphezulu.Ngenxa yalokho, amandla amakhulu ayadingeka.Ibhulokhi ye-dummy enobubanzi obuncane kancane kunobubanzi be-billet isetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjwe i-oxidation ye-billet ekukhishweni okushisayo.Izingxenye ezingenalutho njengamashubhu zingakhishwa ngendlela eqondile, ngokusebenzisa i-billet engenalutho kanye ne-mandrel enamathiselwe ku-dummy block.

I-extrusion engaqondile:I-extrusion engaqondile (i-backward extrusion) iyinqubo lapho i-punch ihamba ngokuphambene nalokho kwe-billet.Lapha akukho ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwesitsha ne-billet.Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukungqubuzana okuncane ngakho amandla ancishisiwe ayadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ngokungaqondile.Ukuze kukhishwe izingcezu eziqinile, i-punch engenalutho iyadingeka.Ku-extrusion engenalutho, okubalulekile kuphoqeleka esikhaleni se-annular phakathi kwe-punch eqinile nesiqukathi.Ukuhluka kwengcindezi ye-extrusion ku-extrusion engaqondile kuboniswe ngenhla.Njengoba kubonakala, ingcindezi ye-extrusion ye-extrusion engaqondile iphansi kunaleyo ye-extrusion eqondile.Izingxenye eziningi zenziwa ngokuhlanganisa i-extrusions eqondile nengaqondile.I-extrusion engaqondile ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-extrudes amade.

I-Hydrostatic extrusion:Ku-hydrostatic extrusion isitsha sigcwaliswa ngoketshezi.Ukucindezela kwe-Extrusion kudluliselwa ngoketshezi ku-billet.Ukungqubuzana kuqediwe kule nqubo ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-billet nodonga lwesiqukathi.Izinto eziqinile zingakhishwa ngale nqubo.Izinto eziphukayo kakhulu zingadluliselwa egumbini lokucindezela.Ukwehliswa okukhulu kungenzeka ngale ndlela.Ingcindezi ehilelekile kule nqubo ingase ifike ku-1700 MPa.Ingcindezi inqunyelwe amandla esiqukathi, i-punch kanye nezinto zokufa.Kusetshenziswa amafutha emifino njengamafutha e-castor.Ngokuvamile le nqubo yenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa.Okubi okumbalwa kwenqubo yilezi: ukuvuza kukawoyela ocindezelwe kanye nesivinini esingalawuleki sokukhipha i-extrusion lapho uphuma, ngenxa yokukhululwa kwamandla agciniwe uwoyela.Lokhu kungase kubangele ukushaqeka emshinini.Le nkinga iyanqotshwa ngokwenza ukuthi i-punch ihlangane ne-billet futhi inciphise inani lamafutha ngokusebenzisa imvume encane phakathi kwe-billet nesitsha.

Umthelela we-extrusion:Izingxenye ezingenalutho njengezinkomishi, iziqukathi zokuxubha amazinyo zenziwe nge-extrusion yomthelela.Kungukuhlukahluka kwe-extrusion engaqondile.I-punch yenzelwa ukushaya i-slug ngesivinini esikhulu ngomthwalo onomthelela.Amashubhu anogqinsi oluncane angakhiqizwa.Ngokuvamile izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, i-aluminium, umthofu ziyakhishwa.

I-Tube extrusion:Ukusebenzisa i-billet engenalutho kanye ne-mandrel ekupheleni kwenqama, izingxenye ezingenalutho ezifana namashubhu zingadluliselwa ekubekezeleleni okuseduze.I-mandrel ifinyelela ekungeneni kwefa.Clearance phakathi mandrel futhi die odongeni enquma ukushuba odongeni tube.I-mandrel yenziwa ukuba ihambe kanye nenqama ukuze yenze amashubhu agxilile ngokukhipha.

I-extrusion ebandayo neshisayo:

I-cold extrusion ingakhiqiza izingxenye ezinomkhawulo omuhle, amandla aphezulu ngenxa yokuqina kobunzima, ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe, izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza.Kodwa-ke, inqubo idinga ingcindezi ephezulu futhi amathuluzi angaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.Ukugcoba okufanelekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthunjwa kwethuluzi kanye ne-workpiece.Amabhilidi enziwe nge-phosphate agcotshwa ngensipho.

I-extrusion eshisayo ingaqashwa ngezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-extrusion.I-deformation inhomogeneous ingenzeka ngenxa yokugodola kodonga lwe-billet.Insimbi ingase ifakwe i-oxidized.Ungqimba lwe-oxide lungakhuphula ukungqubuzana kanye nokugeleza kwezinto.Ingilazi isetshenziswa njenge-lubricant ye-hot extrusion.I-Molybdenum disulfide noma i-graphite yizinto zokugcoba eziqinile ezisetshenziswa ekukhishweni okushisayo.I-extrusion ekheniwe kusetshenziswa amathini amancane anezindonga ezenziwe ngethusi noma ithini ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhipha izinsimbi ezisebenza kakhulu nezimpushana zensimbi.

Imishini ye-Extrusion:

Ukucindezela kwe-hydraulic kohlobo oluqondile noma oluvundlile lusetshenziselwa ukukhishwa.Imishini yokunyathelisa eqondile inamandla asuka ku-3 ukuya ku-20 MN.Imishini yokunyathelisa evundlile ithatha isikhala esincane, kodwa amabhilidi apholiswa ngendlela engavamile.Kusetshenziswa ukucindezela okuvundlile okufika kumthamo ongu-50 MN.Ama-extrusions amashubhu ngokuvamile enziwa ngokucindezela okuqondile, kuyilapho ukucindezela okuvundlile kusetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwebha.